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  2. Papal infallibility - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papal_infallibility

    Examples of Catholics who before the First Vatican Council disbelieved in papal infallibility are French abbé François-Philippe Mesenguy (1677–1763), who wrote a catechism denying the infallibility of the pope, [78] and the German Felix Blau (1754–1798), who as professor at the University of Mainz criticized infallibility without a ...

  3. Infallibility of the Church - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infallibility_of_the_Church

    The infallibility of the Church is the belief that the Holy Spirit preserves the Christian Church from errors that would contradict its essential doctrines. It is related to, but not the same as, indefectibility, that is, "she remains and will remain the Institution of Salvation, founded by Christ, until the end of the world."

  4. Conciliarism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conciliarism

    Pope Pius II was a major opponent of conciliarism. According to Michael de la Bédoyère, "Pius II [...] [insisted] that the doctrine holding General Councils of the Church to be superior to the Pope was heretical." [7] Pius II's bull Execrabilis condemned conciliarism. Pope Pius VII condemned the conciliarist writings of Germanos Adam on June ...

  5. First Vatican Council - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Vatican_Council

    Pope Pius defined as dogma the Immaculate Conception of Mary, the mother of Jesus, in 1854. [11] However, the proposal to define papal infallibility itself as dogma met with resistance, not because of doubts about the substance of the proposed definition, but because some considered it inopportune to take that step at that time. [11]

  6. Pastor aeternus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastor_aeternus

    Because the 1870 definition is not seen by Catholics as a creation of the Church, but as the dogmatic definition of a truth about the Church Magisterium, Papal teachings made prior to the 1870 proclamation can, if they meet the criteria set out in the dogmatic definition, be considered infallible. Ineffabilis Deus is an example of this.

  7. Temporal power of the Holy See - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporal_power_of_the_Holy_See

    Between 1798 and 1814, the revolutionary French government invaded Italy several times and annexed the Papal States (though the papacy was restored between 1800 and 1809). Napoleon Bonaparte abolished the pope's temporal power in 1809, incorporating Rome and Latium into his First French Empire. Pope Pius VII himself was even taken prisoner by ...

  8. Fact-checking 'Conclave': How accurate is the pope movie ...

    www.aol.com/fact-checking-conclave-accurate-pope...

    We're discussing the voting process depicted in the new papal thriller "Conclave" (in theaters now). Light spoilers ahead! Twice in past years, I hopped a flight to Rome in order to cover one of ...

  9. Infallibility - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infallibility

    Because of the complexity in defining infallibility, some Protestant and non-denominational views confuse papal infallibility with impeccability, as if the Pope were immune from sin. [6] This is not the Catholic Church's doctrine, which concedes that Popes can sin and may even contradict one another's personal theological opinions. [4]