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Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) occurs when a human fetus is infected with the rubella virus (German measles) via maternal-fetal transmission and develops birth defects. [1] The most common congenital defects affect the ophthalmologic, cardiac, auditory, and neurologic systems.
Rubella is a common infection in many areas of the world. [2] Each year about 100,000 cases of congenital rubella syndrome occur. [3] Rates of disease have decreased in many areas as a result of vaccination. [2] [7] There are ongoing efforts to eliminate the disease globally. [3]
Pregnant women with Rubella are at risk of having a miscarriage or having a baby born with multiple birth defects due to Congenital rubella syndrome. It affected around 12.5 million people in the US. An estimated 11,000 pregnancies ended in miscarriage or stillbirth , just over 2,000 newborn babies died , and of those that survived around ...
Rubella virus (RuV) is the pathogenic agent of the disease rubella, transmitted only between humans via the respiratory route, and is the main cause of congenital rubella syndrome when infection occurs during the first weeks of pregnancy.
Progressive rubella panencephalitis (PRP) is a neurological disorder which may occur in a child with congenital rubella. [1] It is a slow viral infection of the brain characterized by chronic encephalitis, usually manifesting between 8–19 years of age. It is believed to be due to a persistence or reactivation of rubella virus infection.
Maternal infection with rubella virus during pregnancy can lead to congenital rubella syndrome. The risk of congenital infection is highest during the first trimester (< 12 weeks). Risk of congenital rubella is increased among immigrant women from countries without adequate vaccination programs. Common symptoms include cataracts, hearing ...
Rubella (non-congenital) and congenital rubella syndrome: Rubella and congenital rubella syndrome: Rubella: Rubella: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome: Smallpox (Last cases in 1977) Smallpox (eradicated by the WHO) Smallpox (and certified by ...
Progressive rubella panencephalitis, a late complication of congenital rubella syndrome; St. Louis encephalitis; Slow virus infections, which include: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis by Measles virus; Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy; Rabies; Tick-borne encephalitis; Varicella; Viral ...