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Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) occurs when a human fetus is infected with the rubella virus (German measles) via maternal-fetal transmission and develops birth defects. [1] The most common congenital defects affect the ophthalmologic, cardiac, auditory, and neurologic systems.
Rubella virus (RuV) is the pathogenic agent of the disease rubella, transmitted only between humans via the respiratory route, and is the main cause of congenital rubella syndrome when infection occurs during the first weeks of pregnancy.
Pregnant women with Rubella are at risk of having a miscarriage or having a baby born with multiple birth defects due to Congenital rubella syndrome. It affected around 12.5 million people in the US. An estimated 11,000 pregnancies ended in miscarriage or stillbirth , just over 2,000 newborn babies died , and of those that survived around ...
Rubella is a common infection in many areas of the world. [2] Each year about 100,000 cases of congenital rubella syndrome occur. [3] Rates of disease have decreased in many areas as a result of vaccination. [2] [7] There are ongoing efforts to eliminate the disease globally. [3]
Sir Norman McAlister Gregg, MC, FRACS (7 March 1892 – 27 July 1966) was an Australian ophthalmologist, who discovered that rubella suffered by a pregnant woman could cause birth defects in her child (congenital rubella syndrome). [1]
In the case of congenital rubella infection, there is no known cure. Therefore, the focus of treatment is disease prevention. The MMR vaccine is highly efficacious in preventing congenital rubella and is given routinely as a part of the pediatric vaccine schedule. [10] For neonates with congenital CMV infection, antiviral medication is given.
Congenital cataracts are a lens opacity that is present at birth. Congenital cataracts occur in a broad range of severity. Some lens opacities do not progress and are visually insignificant, others can produce profound visual impairment. Congenital cataracts may be unilateral or bilateral. They can be classified by morphology, presumed or ...
Rubella vaccine is a vaccine used to prevent rubella. [1] Effectiveness begins about two weeks after a single dose and around 95% of people become immune. Countries with high rates of immunization no longer see cases of rubella or congenital rubella syndrome. When there is a low level of childhood immunization in a population it is possible for ...