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In chemistry, de novo synthesis (from Latin 'from the new') is the synthesis of complex molecules from simple molecules such as sugars or amino acids, as opposed to recycling after partial degradation. For example, nucleotides are not needed in the diet as they can be constructed from small precursor molecules such as formate and aspartate.
The de novo protein synthesis theory of memory formation is a hypothesis about the formation of the physical correlates of memory in the brain. It is widely accepted that the physiological correlates for memories are stored at the synapse between various neurons .
De novo synthesis of ceramide occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum. Ceramide is subsequently transported to the Golgi apparatus by either vesicular trafficking or the ceramide transfer protein CERT. Once in the Golgi apparatus, ceramide can be further metabolized to other sphingolipids, such as sphingomyelin and the complex glycosphingolipids. [3]
De novo synthesis of complex molecules from simple molecules in chemistry; De novo transcriptome assembly, the method of creating a transcriptome without a reference genome, using de novo sequence assembly; De novo gene birth, the emergence of genes from non-coding sequence; De novo domestication, the domestication of new species for human use
IMP is synthesized de novo from glucose through the pentose phosphate pathway which produces ribose 5-P, which then converts to PRPP that with the amino acids glycine, glutamine, and aspartate (see Purine metabolism) can be further converted into IMP. [7]
De novo synthesis, both in astrocytes and hepatocytes, occurs by a complex 37-step process. This begins with the mevalonate or HMG-CoA reductase pathway, the target of statin drugs, which encompasses the first 18 steps. This is followed by 19 additional steps to convert the resulting lanosterol into cholesterol. [13]
In de novo design, the entire sequence is designed anew, based on no prior sequence. Both de novo designs and protein redesigns can establish rules on the sequence space: the specific amino acids that are allowed at each mutable residue position.
De Novo biosynthesis of a pyrimidine is catalyzed by three gene products CAD, DHODH and UMPS. The first three enzymes of the process are all coded by the same gene in CAD which consists of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II, aspartate carbamoyltransferase and dihydroorotase.