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Wang Yangming – important Idealist Neo-Confucian. [1] Zhang Zai – pioneering Neo-Confucian. [2] Zhou Dunyi – Song Dynasty philosopher. [3] Zhu Xi – one of the leading Neo-Confucians of the Song Dynasty. [4] Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi also called the cheng Brother's Students of Zhou dunyi works collected by zhu xi [5] [6]
Confucianism is concerned with finding "middle ways" between yin and yang at every new configuration of the world." [36] Confucianism conciliates both the inner and outer polarities of spiritual cultivation—that is to say self-cultivation and world redemption—synthesised in the ideal of "sageliness within and kingliness without". [34]
Confucius was born into the class of shi (士), between the aristocracy and the common people. He is said to have worked in various government jobs during his early 20s, and as a bookkeeper and a caretaker of sheep and horses, using the proceeds to give his mother a proper burial.
Zhu Xi (Chu Hsi), rationalist and leading figure of the School of Principle. Chen Hongmou, argued for racial and sexual equality in the place of education. Wang Fuzhi, believed Confucius' teachings had become distorted, so wrote his own commentaires. Wang Yangming, idealist and leading figure of the School of Mind.
While Confucianism was the ideology of the law, the institutions and the ruling class, Taoism was the worldview of the radical intellectuals and it was also compatible with the spiritual beliefs of the peasants and the artisans. The two, although opposite ends of the philosophical spectrum, jointly created the Chinese "image of the world". [4]
Confucianism and Taoism became the determining forces of Chinese thought until the introduction of Buddhism. Confucianism was particularly strong during the Han dynasty, whose greatest thinker was Dong Zhongshu, who integrated Confucianism with the thoughts of the Zhongshu School and the theory of the Five Elements. He also was a promoter of ...
Confucianism developed during the Spring and Autumn period of Chinese history from the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. Confucianism was first adopted as state ideology by the Emperor Wu of Han upon the advice of the statesman Gongsun Hong. [1] [2] [3] Confucianism was later promulgated throughout the Sinosphere. [4] [5]
In Confucianism, the Sangang Wuchang (Chinese: 三綱五常; pinyin: Sāngāng Wǔcháng), sometimes translated as the Three Fundamental Bonds and Five Constant Virtues or the Three Guiding Principles and Five Constant Regulations, [1] or more simply "bonds and virtues" (gāngcháng 綱常), are the three most important human relationships and the five most important virtues.