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Taxine can be found in Taxus species: Taxus cuspidata, T. baccata (English yew), Taxus x media, Taxus canadensis, Taxus floridana, and Taxus brevifolia (Pacific or western yew). All of these species contain taxine in every part of the plant except in the aril , [ citation needed ] the fleshy covering of the seeds (berries).
Taxus baccata is a species of evergreen tree in the family Taxaceae, native to Western Europe, Central Europe and Southern Europe, as well as Northwest Africa, northern Iran, and Southwest Asia. [4] It is the tree originally known as yew , though with other related trees becoming known, it may be referred to as common yew , [ 5 ] European yew ...
T. baccata appears throughout Europe and into western Asia. [2] T. cuspidata occurs over much of East Asia, in China, Japan, Korea, and Sakhalin. [13] Taxus brevifolia ranges in the United States from California to Montana and Alaska, [12] while Taxus canadensis appears in the northeastern United States and southeast Canada. [2]
Previous recognition of two distinct families, Taxaceae and Cephalotaxaceae (e.g., [12]), was based on relatively minor morphological details: Taxaceae (excluding Cephalotaxus) has smaller mature seeds growing to 5–8 millimetres (0.20–0.31 in) in 6–8 months, that are not fully enclosed by the aril; in contrast, Cephalotaxus seeds have a ...
The fleshy aril that surrounds each seed in the yew is a highly modified seed cone scale.. In European yew plants (Taxus baccata), the aril starts out as a small, green band at the base of the seed, then turns brown to red as it enlarges and surrounds the seed, eventually becoming fleshy and scarlet in color at maturity.
The Llangernyw Yew (pronounced [ɬanˈɡɛrnɨu] ⓘ) is an ancient yew (Taxus baccata) in the village of Llangernyw, Conwy, Wales. The tree is fragmented and its core part has been lost, leaving several enormous offshoots. The girth of the tree at the ground level is 10.75 m (35.3 ft). [1]
The Defynnog Yew (Welsh: Ywen Defynnog) (SN9253027960) is one of a group of ancient yews (Taxus baccata) in the churchyard of St Cynog's Church, which serves the parish and the village of Defynnog, Powys, Wales. Defynnog is located close to Sennybridge, about ten miles west of Brecon, within the Brecon Beacons National Park (Bannau Brycheiniog).
Taxus baccata leaves contain approximately 5 mg of taxines per 1g of leaves. [9] The estimated (i.e. not by any means a fact) lethal dose (LD min) of Taxus baccata leaves is 3.0-6.5 mg/kg body weight for humans [16] There is currently no known antidotes for yew poisoning, but drugs such as atropine have been used to treat the symptoms. [17]