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It posits an absolute minimum uncertainty in the position of particles, approximated by the Planck length, underscoring its significance in the realms of quantum gravity and string theory where such minimal length scales are anticipated. [1] [2] Various quantum gravity theories, such as string theory, loop quantum gravity, and quantum geometry ...
Physical Review Letters (PRL), established in 1958, is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal that is published 52 times per year by the American Physical Society. The journal is considered one of the most prestigious in the field of physics. Over a quarter of Physics Nobel Prize-winning papers between 1995 and 2017 were published in it. [1]
If the unification scale is at a TeV, then for <, the results presented here imply that the compactification topology is more complicated than a torus, i.e., all large extra dimensions (LED) having the same size. For flat LED of the same size, the lower limits on the unification scale results are consistent with n ≥ 4. [32]
Some physicists (e.g., John Baez et al.) have speculated that the exceptional Lie groups E 6, E 7 and E 8 having maximum orthogonal subgroups SO(10), SO(12) and SO(16) may be related to theories in 10, 12 and 16 dimensions; 10 dimensions corresponding to string theory and the 12 and 16 dimensional theories being yet undiscovered but would be ...
For instance, Altschul (2007) placed upper limits on Lorentz violation of the tau of 10 −8, by searching for anomalous absorption of high energy astrophysical radiation. [136] In the BaBar experiment (2007), [ 117 ] the D0 experiment (2015), [ 114 ] and the LHCb experiment (2016), [ 112 ] searches have been made for sidereal variations during ...
The universal form of the bound was originally found by Jacob Bekenstein in 1981 as the inequality [1] [2] [3], where S is the entropy, k is the Boltzmann constant, R is the radius of a sphere that can enclose the given system, E is the total mass–energy including any rest masses, ħ is the reduced Planck constant, and c is the speed of light.
In July 1958, the sister journal Physical Review Letters was introduced to publish short articles of particularly broad interest, initially edited by George L. Trigg, who remained as editor until 1988. In 1970, Physical Review split into sub-journals Physical Review A, B, C, and D.
The duality represents a major advance in the understanding of string theory and quantum gravity. [1] This is because it provides a non-perturbative formulation of string theory with certain boundary conditions and because it is the most successful realization of the holographic principle , an idea in quantum gravity originally proposed by ...