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  2. Pseudocode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudocode

    This is a compact and often informal notation that can be understood by a wide range of mathematically trained people, and is frequently used as a way to describe mathematical algorithms. For example, the sum operator ( capital-sigma notation ) or the product operator ( capital-pi notation ) may represent a for-loop and a selection structure in ...

  3. MATLAB - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MATLAB

    MATLAB does include standard for and while loops, but (as in other similar applications such as APL and R), using the vectorized notation is encouraged and is often faster to execute. The following code, excerpted from the function magic.m , creates a magic square M for odd values of n (MATLAB function meshgrid is used here to generate square ...

  4. Turing machine examples - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_machine_examples

    With regard to what actions the machine actually does, Turing (1936) [2] states the following: "This [example] table (and all succeeding tables of the same kind) is to be understood to mean that for a configuration described in the first two columns the operations in the third column are carried out successively, and the machine then goes over into the m-configuration in the final column."

  5. Loop (graph theory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_(graph_theory)

    In graph theory, a loop (also called a self-loop or a buckle) is an edge that connects a vertex to itself. A simple graph contains no loops. Depending on the context, a graph or a multigraph may be defined so as to either allow or disallow the presence of loops (often in concert with allowing or disallowing multiple edges between the same ...

  6. Causal loop diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causal_loop_diagram

    To determine if a causal loop is reinforcing or balancing, one can start with an assumption, e.g. "Variable 1 increases" and follow the loop around. The loop is: reinforcing if, after going around the loop, one ends up with the same result as the initial assumption. balancing if the result contradicts the initial assumption.

  7. Array programming - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Array_programming

    The matrix left-division operator concisely expresses some semantic properties of matrices. As in the scalar equivalent, if the (determinant of the) coefficient (matrix) A is not null then it is possible to solve the (vectorial) equation A * x = b by left-multiplying both sides by the inverse of A: A −1 (in both MATLAB and GNU Octave ...

  8. Directed acyclic graph - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directed_acyclic_graph

    In mathematics, particularly graph theory, and computer science, a directed acyclic graph (DAG) is a directed graph with no directed cycles. That is, it consists of vertices and edges (also called arcs ), with each edge directed from one vertex to another, such that following those directions will never form a closed loop.

  9. Sparse matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparse_matrix

    CSC is similar to CSR except that values are read first by column, a row index is stored for each value, and column pointers are stored. For example, CSC is (val, row_ind, col_ptr) , where val is an array of the (top-to-bottom, then left-to-right) non-zero values of the matrix; row_ind is the row indices corresponding to the values; and, col ...