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A network switch (also called switching hub, bridging hub, Ethernet switch, and, by the IEEE, MAC bridge [1]) is networking hardware that connects devices on a computer network by using packet switching to receive and forward data to the destination device.
4-port 10BASE-T Ethernet hub with selectable MDI-X/MDI port 8-port Ethernet hub with one 10BASE2 connector and eight 10BASE-T ports. An Ethernet hub, active hub, network hub, repeater hub, multiport repeater, or simply hub [a] is a network hardware device for connecting multiple Ethernet devices together and making them act as a single network segment.
For example, the sample diagram does not indicate the physical type of connection between the PCs and the switch, but since a modern LAN is depicted, Ethernet may be assumed. If the same style of line was used in a WAN (wide area network) diagram, however, it may indicate a different type of connection.
Supermicro AOC-SGP-I2 dual-port Gigabit Ethernet NIC, a PCI Express ×4 card. 1000BASE-T (also known as IEEE 802.3ab) is a standard for Gigabit Ethernet over twisted-pair wiring. Each 1000BASE-T network segment is recommended to be a maximum length of 100 meters (330 feet), [5] [a] and must use Category 5 cable or better (including Cat 5e and ...
The first 10 Gigabit Ethernet standard, IEEE Std 802.3ae-2002, was published in 2002. Subsequent standards encompass media types for single-mode fiber (long haul), multi-mode fiber (up to 400 m), copper backplane (up to 1 m) and copper twisted pair (up to 100 m). All 10-gigabit standards were consolidated into IEEE Std 802.3-2008.
Newer routers, hubs and switches (including some 10/100, and all 1-gigabit or 10-gigabit devices in practice) use auto MDI-X for 10/100 Mbit connections to automatically switch to the proper configuration once a cable is connected.
Exchanging cheap repeater hubs for more advanced switching hubs provided a viable upgrade path; Mixing different speeds in a single network became possible with the arrival of Fast Ethernet; Depending on cable grades, subsequent upgrading to Gigabit Ethernet or faster could be accomplished by replacing the network switches
The hub manages and controls all functions of the network. It also acts as a repeater for the data flow. In a typical network the hub can be a network switch, ethernet hub, wireless access point or a router. The star topology reduces the impact of a transmission line failure by independently connecting each host to the hub.