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The heeled bullet design has many advantages, mainly when coupled with the straight or slightly tapered walled cases it appeared in. For pistols, converting a cap and ball revolver to use cartridges was as simple as cutting off part of the rear of the cylinder, replacing it with a frame-mounted ring, and changing the hammer.
The .44 Remington Centerfire / 11.4x27mmR (often referred to as .44 Remington C.F. or .44 Remington) was a centerfire revolver cartridge with a heeled, externally lubricated bullet produced by the Remington Arms Company from 1875 until 1895.
The case is of brass; the heeled bullet is of a hard lead alloy, fully jacketed and coated externally with a wax lubricant. Originally it was loaded with 0.7 grams (11 gr) of black powder. Similar revolver cartridges were used in the late 19th century military revolvers adopted by the armies of Belgium, Luxembourg, Sweden, Norway, and Serbia.
The heeled bullets make the cartridge incompatible with .44 Russian, .44 Special, and .44 Magnum, which was made larger in diameter and longer to cover the exposed part of the bullet. Its power resembles the .41 Long Colt , [ 1 ] .32-20 Winchester , [ 2 ] or .44-40 Winchester , [ 3 ] and it could be used to hunt small game at short range.
The barrel was about 0.404–0.406" groove diameter. The bullet lubrication was outside the case. At 0.386–0.388" OD, The base of the bullet was smaller in diameter to fit inside the case. This is known as a "heel-base" or heeled bullet. The only modern heeled bullet is the .22 rimfire. In the mid-1890s, Colt redesigned the cartridge.
The .38 Short Colt, also known as .38 SC, is a heeled bullet cartridge intended for metallic cartridge conversions of the cap and ball Colt 1851 Navy Revolver from the American Civil War era. [1] Later, this cartridge was fitted with a 0.358-inch (9.1 mm) diameter inside-lubricated bullet in the 125–135 grains (8.1–8.7 g) range. [2] [3]
The original .44 Colt loading used a heeled, outside lubricated bullet. The major diameter of the bullet was approximately the groove diameter (.451 in) of the converted ".44" cap and ball revolver. The smaller "heel" at the base of the bullet was sized to fit inside the brass case at approximately .430 in. [2]
A smaller-diameter portion of the bullet, the "heel", was crimped inside the case mouth, and the lubricant was outside the case, and exposed. [a] In contrast, the .38 Long Colt uses a bullet which on the outside of the cartridge case is only .357–.358 in (9.07–9.09 mm), the bearing surface and lubricant being entirely contained within the case.