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The white hat is contrasted with the black hat, a malicious hacker; this definitional dichotomy comes from Western films, where heroic and antagonistic cowboys might traditionally wear a white and a black hat, respectively. [6] There is a third kind of hacker known as a grey hat who hacks with good intentions but at times without permission. [7]
A black hat (black hat hacker or blackhat) is a computer hacker who violates laws or ethical standards for nefarious purposes, such as cybercrime, cyberwarfare, or malice. These acts can range from piracy to identity theft .
A grey hat hacker lies between a black hat and a white hat hacker, hacking for ideological reasons. [20] A grey hat hacker may surf the Internet and hack into a computer system for the sole purpose of notifying the administrator that their system has a security defect, for example. They may then offer to correct the defect for a fee. [19]
The grey hat generally has the skills and intent of the white hat but may break into any system or network without permission. [3] [4] According to one definition of a grey-hat hacker, when they discover a vulnerability, instead of telling the vendor how the exploit works, they may offer to repair it for a small fee.
Whether they are malicious or ethical, hackers play a large role in cybersecurity. Within that industry, hackers tend to be grouped under three main categories: the white hat, grey hat, and black hat. [citation needed] White hat hackers are also known as ethical hackers or penetration testers. They work within the boundaries of the law.
Black hat or Cracker Hackers with malicious intentions. They often steal, exploit, and sell data, and are usually motivated by personal gain. Their work is usually illegal. A cracker is like a black hat hacker, [16] but is specifically someone who is very skilled and tries via hacking to make profits or to benefit, not just to vandalize ...
TeslaTeam is a group of black-hat computer hackers from Serbia established in 2010. TESO was a hacker group originating in Austria that was active primarily from 1998 to 2004. The Unknowns is a group of white-hat hackers that exploited many high-profiled websites and became very active in 2012 when the group was founded and disbanded.
White hat, in de Bono's Six Thinking Hats; Black and white hat symbolism in film; White hat (computer security), a computer hacker intending to improve security; White hat bias, cherry picking the evidence and publication bias