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The two major parts of the model are its chromatic adaptation transform, CIECAT02, and its equations for calculating mathematical correlates for the six technically defined dimensions of color appearance: brightness , lightness, colorfulness, chroma, saturation, and hue. Brightness is the subjective appearance of how bright an object appears ...
Chromaticity consists of two independent parameters, often specified as hue (h) and colorfulness (s), where the latter is alternatively called saturation, chroma, intensity, [1] or excitation purity. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] This number of parameters follows from trichromacy of vision of most humans, which is assumed by most models in color science .
Fig. 1. HSL (a–d) and HSV (e–h). Above (a, e): cut-away 3D models of each. Below: two-dimensional plots showing two of a model's three parameters at once, holding the other constant: cylindrical shells (b, f) of constant saturation, in this case the outside surface of each cylinder; horizontal cross-sections (c, g) of constant HSL lightness or HSV value, in this case the slices halfway ...
Brightness temperature or radiance temperature is a measure of the intensity of electromagnetic energy coming from a source. [1] In particular, it is the temperature at which a black body would have to be in order to duplicate the observed intensity of a grey body object at a frequency ν {\displaystyle \nu } . [ 2 ]
As defined by the US Federal Glossary of Telecommunication Terms , "brightness" should now be used only for non-quantitative references to physiological sensations and perceptions of light. [3] Brightness is an antonym of "dimness" or "dullness". With regard to stars, brightness is quantified as apparent magnitude and absolute magnitude.
HSV (hue, saturation, value), also known as HSB (hue, saturation, brightness) is often used by artists because it is often more natural to think about a color in terms of hue and saturation than in terms of additive or subtractive color components. HSV is a transformation of an RGB color space, and its components and colorimetry are relative to ...
To model the latter effect, in CIECAM97C the formula for J is adjusted as follows: J HK = J + (100 – J) (C / 300) |sin( 1 / 2 h – 45°)|, where C is the chroma and h the hue angle Q is then calculated from J HK instead of from J. This formula has the effect of pulling up the lightness and brightness of coloured samples.
A comparison between a typical normalized M cone's spectral sensitivity and the CIE 1931 luminosity function for a standard observer in photopic vision. In the CIE 1931 model, Y is the luminance, Z is quasi-equal to blue (of CIE RGB), and X is a mix of the three CIE RGB curves chosen to be nonnegative (see § Definition of the CIE XYZ color space).