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As the silver coins were debased, other denominations appeared: 30 para, 1 + 1 ⁄ 2, 3, 5 and 6 kuruş. The final coinage issued before the currency reform consisted of billon 1, 10 and 20 para, and silver 1 + 1 ⁄ 2, 3 and 6 kuruş. In 1844, the Turkish gold lira was introduced as the new standard denomination.
The Turkish lira partially recovered in early 2021 with the government's increase in interest rates. However, the currency began to crash due to inflation and depreciation starting on 21 March 2021, after the sacking of Central Bank chief Naci Ağbal. The Turkish lira reached a then-all-time-low of ₺8.8 to the dollar on 4 June.
De Facto Classification of Exchange Rate Arrangements, as of April 30, 2021, and Monetary Policy Frameworks [2]; Exchange rate arrangement (Number of countries) Exchange rate anchor
The lira was the currency of Italy from its unification until it was merged into the euro in 1999. [2] A unit of currency lira had previously been used in some of the states and possessions that became Italy but their values were not necessarily equivalent. (See Luccan lira, Papal lira, Parman lira, Sardinian lira and Tuscan lira.)
The Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye (CBRT) (Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası, TCMB) is the central bank of Turkey.Its responsibilities include conducting monetary and exchange rate policy, managing international reserves of Turkey, as well as printing and issuing banknotes, and establishing, maintaining and regulating payment systems in the country.
The currency composition of foreign exchange reserves affects global financial markets, interest rates, and currency valuations. A high concentration in a single currency (especially the U.S. dollar) can lead to vulnerabilities in times of global economic stress.
World War I saw Turkey effectively depart from the gold standard with the gold lira being worth about LT 9 in paper money by the early 1920s. Between 1844 and 1855, coins were introduced in denominations of 1p, 5p, 10p, 20p, 1 ⁄ 2 pt, 1pt, 2pt, 5pt, 10pt, 20pt and LT 1 ⁄ 4 , LT 1 ⁄ 2 , LT 1, LT 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 and LT 5.
If the spot date falls on the last business day of the month in the currency pair then the delivery date is defined by convention to be the last business day of the target month e.g. assuming all days are business days: if spot is at 30 April, a one-month time to expiry will make the delivery date 31 May. This is described as trading "end-end".