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Food fortification is the addition of micronutrients (essential trace elements and vitamins) to food products. Food enrichment specifically means adding back nutrients lost during food processing, while fortification includes adding nutrients not naturally present. [ 1 ]
Project Healthy Children (PHC) is a nonprofit organization based in Westborough that works closely with governments in developing countries to provide technical assistance for supporting the design and implementation of food fortification programs in developing countries.
Processing foods often involves nutrient losses, which can make it harder to meet the body's needs if these nutrients are not added back through fortification or enrichment. For example, using high heat during processing can cause vitamin C losses. Another example is refined grains, which have less fiber, vitamins and minerals than whole grains.
The germ is the embryo of the seed that contains B vitamins and trace minerals. Because the germ has a fat content of 10%, [citation needed] it may reduce shelf-life. [citation needed] Thus, it is separated to ensure longer shelf life of the flour. In contrast to enriched flour, whole wheat flour contains both the bran and the germ.
Biofortification differs from ordinary fortification because it focuses on making plant foods more nutritious as the plants are growing, rather than having nutrients added to the foods when they are being processed. This is an important improvement on ordinary fortification when it comes to providing nutrients for the rural poor, who rarely ...
Fortification of staple foods may improve serum zinc levels in the population. Other effects such as improving zinc deficiency, children's growth, cognition, work capacity of adults, or blood indicators are unknown. [16] Experiments show that soil and foliar application of zinc fertilizer can effectively reduce the phytate zinc ratio in grain.
The nutritional status of children is further indicated by its high (10%) rate of child wasting. [2] Wasting is a significant problem in Sahelian countries – Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania and Niger – where rates fall between 11% and 19% of under fives, affecting more than 1 million children. [2]
The Food Fortification Initiative (FFI) is an organization that promotes the fortification of industrially milled flours and cereals. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] FFI assists country leaders in promoting, planning, implementing, and monitoring the fortification of industrially milled wheat flour , maize flour , and rice . [ 3 ]