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In the testis pure embryonal carcinoma is also uncommon, and accounts for approximately ten percent of testicular germ cell tumours. However, it is present as a component of almost ninety percent of mixed nonseminomatous germ cell tumours. The average age at diagnosis is 31 years, and typically presents as a testicular lump which may be painful.
The 1997 International Germ Cell Consensus Classification [17] is a tool for estimating the risk of relapse after treatment of malignant germ-cell tumor. A small study of ovarian tumors in girls [ 18 ] reports a correlation between cystic and benign tumors, and conversely, solid and malignant tumors.
Dygerminomas are Malignant germ cell tumor of ovary and particularly prominent in patients diagnosed with gonadal dysgenesis. [1] OGCTs are relatively difficult to detect and diagnose at an early stage because of the nonspecific histological characteristics. [1] Common symptoms of OGCT are bloating, abdominal distention, ascites, and ...
Choriocarcinoma is a malignant, trophoblastic [1] cancer, usually of the placenta. It is characterized by early hematogenous spread to the lungs. It belongs to the malignant end of the spectrum in gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). It is also classified as a germ cell tumor and may arise in the testis or ovary.
A mixed germ cell tumor in the testes. On the left side shows yolk sac tumor, and on the right side shows embryonal carcinoma. Under the classification of the biology GCT, there is a more detailed classification contains specific types of extracranial extragonadal germ cell tumor. There are two types, teratomas, and malignant GCTs.
Symptoms may be minimal if the tumor is small. [2] A testicular teratoma may present as a painless lump. [1] Complications may include ovarian torsion, testicular torsion, or hydrops fetalis. [1] [2] [3] They are a type of germ cell tumor (a tumor that begins in the cells that give rise to sperm or eggs).
The treatment for mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumors should follow guidelines for poor-prognosis testicular cancer. Initial treatment with four courses of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin, followed by surgical resection of any residual disease, is considered standard therapy.
Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. [3] [4] Cancer can be difficult to diagnose because its signs and symptoms are often nonspecific, meaning they may be general phenomena that do not point directly to a specific disease process.