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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) [1] is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity and emotional dysregulation that are excessive and pervasive, impairing in multiple contexts, and developmentally-inappropriate. [9]
DSED can cause symptoms commonly associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) It can be comorbid with cognitive, language and speech delay. [4] Additionally, children who are socially disinhibited despite not undergoing the trauma to become so should not be diagnosed with DSED.
The diagnosis of "ADHD, not otherwise specified" also no longer includes any mention of CDS symptoms. [25] Similarly, ICD-10 , the medical diagnostic manual, has no diagnosis code for CDS. Although CDS is not recognized as a disorder at this point, researchers continue to debate its usefulness as a construct and its implications for further ...
For example, a diagnosis of major depressive disorder, a common mental illness, had a poor reliability kappa statistic of 0.28, indicating that clinicians frequently disagreed on diagnosing this disorder in the same patients. The most reliable diagnosis was major neurocognitive disorder, with a kappa of 0.78. [103]
AEIOU-TIPS is a mnemonic acronym used by some medical professionals to recall the possible causes for altered mental status.Medical literature discusses its utility in determining differential diagnoses in various special populations presenting with altered mental status including infants, [1] children, [2] adolescents, [3] and the elderly. [4]
DAMP is diagnosed on the basis of concomitant attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and developmental coordination disorder in children who do not have a severe learning disability or cerebral palsy. In clinically severe form, it affects about 1.5% of the general population of 7-year-old-children; 3-6% are affected by more moderate variants.
It is difficult to say exactly how many children or adults worldwide have ADHD because different countries have used different ways of diagnosing it, while some do not diagnose it at all. In the UK, diagnosis is based on quite a narrow set of symptoms, and about 0.5–1% of children are thought to have attention or hyperactivity problems.
While the ADHD Rating Scale is widely used to assess ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents, a systematic review by Peterson et al. (2024) highlights its variable diagnostic performance and emphasizes the need for its use alongside clinician judgment and multiple informant inputs. [14]