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As of 2023 the device is known as JT-60SA and is the largest operational superconducting tokamak in the world, [1] built and operated jointly by the European Union and Japan in Naka, Ibaraki Prefecture. [2] [3] SA stands for super advanced tokamak, including a D-shaped plasma cross-section, superconducting coils, and active feedback control.
[4] The first tokamak was built in 1954, [5]. In 1968 the electronic plasma temperature of 1 keV was reached on the tokamak T-3, built at the I. V. Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy under the leadership of academician L. A. Artsimovich. [6] [7] [8] By the mid-1960s, the tokamak designs began to show greatly improved performance.
A spherical tokamak is a type of fusion power device based on the tokamak principle. It is notable for its very narrow profile, or aspect ratio. A traditional tokamak has a toroidal confinement area that gives it an overall shape similar to a donut, complete with a large hole in the middle. The spherical tokamak reduces the size of the hole as ...
The T-15 (or Tokamak-15) is a Russian (previously Soviet) nuclear fusion research reactor located at the Kurchatov Institute, which is based on the (Soviet-invented) tokamak design. [2] It was the first industrial prototype fusion reactor to use superconducting magnets to control the plasma . [ 3 ]
SPARC is designed to achieve this with margin in excess of breakeven and may be capable of achieving up to 140 MW of fusion power for 10 second bursts despite its relatively compact size. [2] [1] The project is scheduled to start operations in 2026, with the goal of demonstrating net power (Q > 1) in 2027. [4]
1.32 m (4 ft 4 in) Minor radius: 0.4 m (1 ft 4 in) Magnetic field: 4 T (40,000 G) Heating power: 5 MW 3 MW 1 MW : Plasma current: 700 kA: History; Date(s) of construction: 1972 [1] Year(s) of operation: 1975–1986: Preceded by: Symmetrical Tokamak (ST) Succeeded by: Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) Related devices: Adiabatic Toroidal ...
Because power draw from the main grid is limited to 575 MW, two large flywheel generators were constructed to provide this necessary power. [52] Each 775-ton flywheel can spin up to 225 rpm and store 3.75 GJ, [ 53 ] roughly the same amount of kinetic energy as a train weighing 5,000 tons traveling at 140 kilometres per hour (87 mph).
After a major upgrade to install tungsten walls and a divertor, the tokamak was renamed WEST. WEST is situated at the nuclear research center of Cadarache, Bouches-du-Rhône in Provence, one of the sites of the Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique. Tore Supra operated between 1988 and 2010. Its goal was to create long-duration plasmas.