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Starch analysis or starch grain analysis is a technique that is useful in archaeological research in determining plant taxa on a microscopic level. It can also be used in day-to-day life by specialists within the pharmaceutical and food industries in order to determine taxa origins and food quality. [ 1 ]
It is a common observation that when oil and water are poured into the same container, they separate into two phases or layers, because they are immiscible.In general, aqueous (or water-based) solutions, being polar, are immiscible with non-polar organic solvents (cooking oil, chloroform, toluene, hexane etc.) and form a two-phase system.
Laboratory-scale liquid-liquid extraction. Photograph of a separatory funnel in a laboratory scale extraction of 2 immiscible liquids: liquids are a diethyl ether upper phase, and a lower aqueous phase. Soxhlet extractor. Extraction in chemistry is a separation process consisting of the separation of a substance from a matrix. The distribution ...
Water purification combines a number of methods to produce potable or drinking water. Downstream processing refers to purification of chemicals, pharmaceuticals and food ingredients produced by fermentation or synthesized by plant and animal tissues, for example antibiotics, citric acid, vitamin E, and insulin.
Lipid residue analysis will always face the difficulty of a biased reconstruction of past human behaviour. Although organic residue analysis will never be able to reconstruct e.g. entire meals or medicinal recipes, it is a powerful tool due to the higher chances of lipid survival in comparison to other organic compounds, such as DNA or proteins.
Water chemistry analysis is often the groundwork of studies of water quality, pollution, hydrology and geothermal waters. Analytical methods routinely used can detect and measure all the natural elements and their inorganic compounds and a very wide range of organic chemical species using methods such as gas chromatography and mass spectrometry.
A step in one method of preparing digestion-resistant maltodextrins is roasting the plant starch in acid conditions. [3] The process breaks the starch molecules into small units, which then recombine with different, more digestion-resistant bonds. [3] [7] Enzymes can be used to break starches apart as an alternative to roasting. [7]
Laboratory methods and techniques, as used in fields like biology, biochemistry, biophysics, chemistry, molecular biology, etc. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Laboratory techniques . Contents