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Adenosine (symbol A) is an organic compound that occurs widely in nature in the form of diverse derivatives. The molecule consists of an adenine attached to a ribose ...
adenosine diphosphate: ad part. dolent: to the painful parts (from Latin ad partes dolentes) ADR: adverse drug reaction: ADW: Ain't Doin' Well A/E: Air entry A+E: accident and emergency: AEB: as evidenced by (commonly used by nurses) AED: automated external defibrillator antiepileptic drug(s) AEM: ambulatory electrocardiogram monitoring: AF ...
The nucleosides each contain a ribose ring, one with adenine attached to the first carbon atom (the 1' position) (adenosine diphosphate ribose) and the other with nicotinamide at this position. [4] [5] The redox reactions of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. The compound accepts or donates the equivalent of H −. [6]
Caffeine keeps you awake by blocking adenosine receptors. Each type of adenosine receptor has different functions, although with some overlap. [3] For instance, both A 1 receptors and A 2A play roles in the heart, regulating myocardial oxygen consumption and coronary blood flow, while the A 2A receptor also has broader anti-inflammatory effects throughout the body. [4]
Both adenosine and ATP induce astrocyte cell proliferation. In microglia , P2X and P2Y receptors are expressed. The P2Y6 receptor, which is primarily mediated by uridine diphosphate (UDP), plays a significant role in microglial phagoptosis , while the P2Y12 receptor functions as a specialized pattern recognition receptor .
When the enzyme adenosine deaminase is deficient in the body, the result is a toxic build-up of metabolites that impair lymphocyte development and function. [9] Many ADA deficient children with SCID have been treated with the polyethylene glycol-conjugated adenosine deaminase (PEG-ADA) enzyme.
Adenosinergic means "working on adenosine". An adenosinergic agent (or drug ) is a chemical which functions to directly modulate the adenosine system in the body or brain. Examples include adenosine receptor agonists , adenosine receptor antagonists (such as caffeine ), and adenosine reuptake inhibitors .
Adenosine is a neuromodulator that is responsible for motor function, mood, memory, and learning. Its main purpose is the coordination of responses to different neurotransmitters. [5] Adenosine plays many important roles in biological systems, for example in the central nervous-, cardiovascular-, hepatic-, renal- and respiratory system.