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In the Middle Byzantine period (c. 843 – 1204), domes were normally built to emphasize separate functional spaces, rather than as the modular ceiling units they had been earlier. [193] [184] Resting domes on circular or polygonal drums pierced with windows eventually became the standard style, with regional characteristics. [194]
Byzantine architecture is the architecture of the Byzantine Empire, or Eastern Roman Empire, usually dated from 330 AD, when Constantine the Great established a new Roman capital in Byzantium, which became Constantinople, until the fall of the Byzantine Empire in 1453.
An oculus (from Latin oculus 'eye'; pl.: oculi) is a circular opening in the center of a dome or in a wall. Originating in classical architecture, it is a feature of Byzantine and Neoclassical architecture. A horizontal oculus in the center of a dome is also called opaion (from Ancient Greek ὀπαῖον '(smoke) hole'; pl.: opaia).
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Its circular, centrally planned structure resembles other structures such as Santa Costanza in Rome and is similarly topped by a dome. The structure was converted into a church in the late fourth century and an apsidal choir extension was added as well as a wide ambulatory around the perimeter. [7] The Rotunda has a diameter of 24.5 m.
'dome pedestal'), drum or tambour is the upright part of a building on which a dome is raised. [1] It is generally in the shape of a cylinder or a polygonal prism. The name derives from the tholos, the Greek term for a round building with a roof and a circular wall. Another architectural meaning of "drum" is a circular section of a column shaft
[5] [13] The 10th-century dome is the oldest example of circular dome found in the region of Epirus, probably an evolution of the older octagonal style. [14] The fishbone pattern of the exterior is also found in a number of contemporary church buildings in Epirus, western Macedonia and Lakonia , in Greece, although not a quite common feature in ...
Circular dome with Jesus. The church has a circular dome with an icon venerating Jesus Christ. The outer portion consists of a biblical historical timeline with Hebrew stories from the Old Testament. The church is a Basilica with a cross-like structure. It was built with pendentives resembling the churches of the middle Byzantine architecture.