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For example, a map might contain keys representing every unique word in a text and values representing the number of times that word appears in the text. A set is simply an ascending container of unique elements. As stated earlier, map and set only allow one instance of a key
The nested set model is a technique for representing nested set collections (also known as trees or hierarchies) in relational databases. It is based on Nested Intervals, that "are immune to hierarchy reorganization problem, and allow answering ancestor path hierarchical queries algorithmically — without accessing the stored hierarchy relation".
The vector maintains a certain order of its elements, so that when a new element is inserted at the beginning or in the middle of the vector, subsequent elements are moved backwards in terms of their assignment operator or copy constructor. Consequently, references and iterators to elements after the insertion point become invalidated. [8]
The examples above are problems in which the data-flow value is a set, e.g. the set of reaching definitions (Using a bit for a definition position in the program), or the set of live variables. These sets can be represented efficiently as bit vectors, in which each bit represents set membership of one particular element. Using this ...
Join: The function Join is on two red–black trees t 1 and t 2 and a key k, where t 1 < k < t 2, i.e. all keys in t 1 are less than k, and all keys in t 2 are greater than k. It returns a tree containing all elements in t 1, t 2 also as k. If the two trees have the same black height, Join simply creates a new node with left subtree t 1, root k ...
Implementations of the fork–join model will typically fork tasks, fibers or lightweight threads, not operating-system-level "heavyweight" threads or processes, and use a thread pool to execute these tasks: the fork primitive allows the programmer to specify potential parallelism, which the implementation then maps onto actual parallel execution. [1]
C++ by default follows each inheritance path separately, so a D object would actually contain two separate A objects, and uses of A's members have to be properly qualified. If the inheritance from A to B and the inheritance from A to C are both marked " virtual " (for example, " class B : virtual public A "), C++ takes special care to only ...
In computing, a one-pass algorithm or single-pass algorithm is a streaming algorithm which reads its input exactly once. [1] It does so by processing items in order, without unbounded buffering; it reads a block into an input buffer, processes it, and moves the result into an output buffer for each step in the process. [2]