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The author likened the scattered camps to "a chain of islands", and as an eyewitness, he described the Gulag as a system where people were worked to death. [16] In March 1940, there were 53 Gulag camp directorates (simply referred to as "camps") and 423 labor colonies in the Soviet Union. [4]
A list of Gulag penal labor camps in the USSR was created in Poland from the personal accounts of labor camp detainees of Polish citizenship. It was compiled by the government of Poland for the purpose of regulation and future financial compensation for World War II victims, and published in a decree of the Council of Ministers of Poland. [2]
They were set up by the Soviet Military Administration in Germany (SMAD) and run by the Soviet Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD). [1] On 8 August 1948, the camps were made subordinate to the Gulag. [2] Because the camp inmates were permitted no contact with the outside world, the special camps were also known as silence camps (German ...
A People's Tribunal was created in October 1944. This special court pronounced 12,000 death sentences, with over 2,700 eventually being executed. (In contrast, in 1941–1944, the years of active Communist resistance, 357 people were executed for all crimes.)
The camp was organized according to the model of the Soviet Gulags; [8] its mere existence was kept in secret [9]. About 1,300 – 1,700 prisoners [2] were brought here without any court verdict. [6] The internees were forced to work in the quarry under minimal living conditions. [2]
They were rehabilitated in 1955, but were not allowed to return to the European USSR until 1972. [21] The Soviet German population grew despite the deportations and forced labor during the war: in the 1939 Soviet census the German population was 1.427 million; by 1959 it had increased to 1.619 million.
The GULAG Operation was a German military operation in which German and Soviet anti-communist troops were to create an anti-Soviet resistance movement in Siberia during World War II by liberating and recruiting prisoners of the Soviet GULAG system.
This group of prisoners was sent to Gulag camps, rather than the GUPVI camp network. During de-Stalinisation, the sentences of the survivors were annulled and 3,500 former convicts returned home. The total number of convicts was estimated by the Szorakész organisation of Hungarian Gulag survivors to be approximately 10,000. [6]