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Territories with band society 4000 year BP (yellow) Sphere of the band societies changing with the time. A band society, sometimes called a camp, or in older usage, a horde, is the simplest form of human society. A band generally consists of a small kin group, no larger than an extended family or clan. The general consensus of modern ...
Kinship II applies to name relationships, meaning that people who share the same name (ǃkunǃa) are treated as though they are kin of the same family and are assigned the same kinship term. [16] This is a common occurrence as there are a limited number of ǃKung names. [ 16 ]
Typically these societies are small-scale, [1] organized into bands or tribes that make decisions through consensus decision making rather than appointing permanent chiefs or kings. When societies do not possess distinctions of rank, they are described as egalitarian. [1]
Bambuti societies have no ruling group or lineage, no overlying political organization, and little social structure. The Bambuti are an egalitarian society in which the band is the highest form of social organization. [9] Leadership may be displayed for example on hunting treks. [9] Men become leaders because they are good hunters.
Chiefdoms are described as intermediate between tribes and states in the progressive scheme of sociopolitical development formulated by Elman Service: band - tribe - chiefdom - state. [5] A chief's status is based on kinship, so it is inherited or ascribed, in contrast to the achieved status of Big Man leaders of tribes. [6]
Between brothers and sisters the sex differentiation often dominates the behaviour. Sisterhood and brotherhood most often overrule age differences, and there is a prescribed type of behaviour for a brother towards his sister and vice versa. Outside this intimate circle of the immediate family, the same principles of kinship and seniority hold sway.
The San kinship system reflects their history as traditionally small mobile foraging bands. San kinship is similar to Inuit kinship, which uses the same set of terms as in European cultures but adds a name rule and an age rule for determining what terms to use. The age rule resolves any confusion arising from kinship terms, as the older of two ...
Hunter-gatherer bands that are generally egalitarian; Tribal societies with some limited instances of social rank and prestige; Stratified tribal societies led by chieftains (see Chiefdom) Civilizations, with complex social hierarchies and organized, institutional governments