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An AFI <5 cm is considered oligohydramnios and an AFI >25 cm is considered polyhydramnios. Randomized control trials have shown that use of AFI can cause an increased number of false positive diagnosis of oligohydramnios and recommend using the measurement of a single deepest pocket (SDP) of amniotic fluid to diagnose oligohydramnios instead. [1]
AFI is the score (expressed in centimetres) given to the amount of amniotic fluid seen on ultrasonography of a pregnant uterus. To determine the AFI, doctors may use a four-quadrant technique, [ 2 ] when the deepest, unobstructed, vertical length of each pocket of fluid is measured in each quadrant and then added up to the others, [ 3 ] or the ...
Oligohydramnios can sometimes be treated with bed rest, oral and intravenous hydration, antibiotics, steroids, and amnioinfusion. [citation needed] The opposite of oligohydramnios is polyhydramnios, an excess volume of amniotic fluid in the amniotic sac. Amniotic fluid embolism is a rare but very often fatal condition for both mother and child.
The condition was previously known as "Amnionknötchen" (amniotic nodules) and was first described in 1850. [2] Amnion nodosum is a placental hallmark of severe and prolonged oligohydramnios, and it is associated with a high risk of fetal and perinatal mortality. The cause and pathophysiology of nodule formation in Amnion nodosum are largely ...
A biophysical profile (BPP) is a prenatal ultrasound evaluation of fetal well-being involving a scoring system, [1] with the score being termed Manning's score. [2] It is often done when a non-stress test (NST) is non reactive, or for other obstetrical indications. The "modified biophysical profile" consists of the NST and amniotic fluid index ...
Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), also known as feto-fetal transfusion syndrome (FFTS), twin oligohydramnios-polyhydramnios sequence (TOPS) and stuck twin syndrome, is a complication of monochorionic multiple pregnancies (the most common form of identical twin pregnancy) in which there is disproportionate blood supply between the fetuses.
Polyhydramnios is a medical condition describing an excess of amniotic fluid in the amniotic sac.It is seen in about 1% of pregnancies. [1] [2] [3] It is typically diagnosed when the amniotic fluid index (AFI) is greater than 24 cm. [4] [5] There are two clinical varieties of polyhydramnios: chronic polyhydramnios where excess amniotic fluid accumulates gradually, and acute polyhydramnios ...
Post-maturity syndrome is the condition of a baby born after a post-term pregnancy, first described by Stewart H. Clifford in 1954. [1] Post-maturity refers to any baby born after 42 weeks gestation, or 294 days past the first day of the mother's last menstrual period.