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The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, [a] often shortened to the Red Army, [b] was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union.The army was established in January 1918 by a decree of the Council of People's Commissars [1] to oppose the military forces of the new nation's adversaries during the Russian Civil War, especially the various groups ...
However, by the end of 1942 the Soviet Red Army began pushing back the Wehrmacht through a series of offensives that preceded the Red Army's encroachment upon Hungarian territory in 1943–44. In September 1944 Soviet forces crossed into Hungary, launching the Budapest Offensive.
The directorate was created at the 7th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) on the order of the Republic's Revolutionary Military Council No.674 of 18 April 1919 to implement political control in the Red Army and Fleet.
The barrier troops were also used to enforce Bolshevik control over food supplies in areas controlled by the Red Army as part of Lenin's war communism policies, a role which soon earned them the hatred of the Russian civilian population. [124] These policies in part led to the Russian famine of 1921–1922, which killed about five million people.
The Red Army took part in the expulsion of up to 70,000 Transylvanian Saxons from Romania that was initiated in January 1945. In October 1944, the Sănătescu government, at the request of the Allied Control Commission, began arresting young Romanian citizens of German descent, who were eventually placed at the disposal of the Soviet command.
The leaders of the Russian Civil War listed below include the important political and military figures of the Russian Civil War. [1] The conflict, fought largely from 7 November 1917 to 25 October 1922 (though with some conflicts in the Far East lasting until late 1923 and in Central Asia until 1934), was fought between numerous factions, the two largest being the Bolsheviks (The "Reds") and ...
The Red Army continued their march south and west into areas controlled by Allied interventionist troops. [32] By this time, there were 200,000 people in the Red Army, as the anarchist forces of Nestor Makhno were incorporated into the Ukrainian Soviet ranks [ 33 ] and the peasant division of otaman Nykyfor Hryhoriv also defected from the side ...
Barrier troops were also used to enforce Bolshevik control over food supplies in areas controlled by the Red Army to protect against raids from anti-communist forces. [ 18 ] A series of workers' strikes and peasants' rebellions against war communism policies broke out all over the country, such as the Tambov Rebellion (1920–1921), which was ...