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Another sharp increase in the debt occurred as a result of the Civil War. The debt was just $65 million in 1860, but passed $1 billion in 1863 and reached $2.7 billion by the end of the war. During the following 47 years, there were 36 surpluses and 11 deficits. During this period 55% of the national debt was paid off.
The economic history of the American Civil War concerns the financing of the Union and Confederate war efforts from 1861 to 1865, and the economic impact of the war. The Union economy grew and prospered during the war while fielding a very large Union Army and Union Navy . [ 1 ]
In 1835, the national debt hit a low of $33,733 when Andrew Jackson was president. But the U.S. started borrowing again as the economy entered a recession in 1837.
During the early 1870s, Treasury Secretaries George S. Boutwell and William Adams Richardson maintained that, though Congress had mandated $356,000,000 as the minimum Greenback circulation, the old Civil War statutes still authorized a maximum of $400,000,000 [nb 1] —and thus they had at their discretion a "reserve" of $44,000,000.
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By 1860, on the eve of the Civil War, 16% of the people lived in cities with 2500 or more people and one third of the nation's income came from manufacturing. Urbanized industry was limited primarily to the Northeast; cotton cloth production was the leading industry, with the manufacture of shoes, woolen clothing, and machinery also expanding.
The U.S. government will pay close to $900 billion this year just in interest payments on the national debt. ... American history, until the mid-1970s, annual federal spending and revenue were ...
At the beginning of the war, the Confederate dollar cost 90 cents in gold dollars. By the war's end, its price had dropped to 1.7 cents. [2] Overall, prices in the South increased by more than 9000% during the war, averaging about 26% a month. [3]