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Psychological determinism is the view that psychological phenomena are determined by factors outside of a person's control. [1]Daniel Bader discusses two forms of psychological determinism: [2]
Biological determinism, sometimes called genetic determinism, is the idea that each of human behaviors, beliefs, and desires are fixed by human genetic nature. Behaviorism involves the idea that all behavior can be traced to specific causes—either environmental or reflexive. John B. Watson and B. F. Skinner developed this nurture-focused ...
In stochastic analysis a random process is a predictable process if it is possible to know the next state from the present time. The branch of mathematics known as Chaos Theory focuses on the behavior of systems that are highly sensitive to initial conditions. It suggests that a small change in an initial condition can completely alter the ...
In other words, the deterministic nature of these systems does not make them predictable. [11] [12] This behavior is known as deterministic chaos, or simply chaos. The theory was summarized by Edward Lorenz as: [13] Chaos: When the present determines the future but the approximate present does not approximately determine the future.
The term stochastic process first appeared in English in a 1934 paper by Joseph L. Doob. [1] For the term and a specific mathematical definition, Doob cited another 1934 paper, where the term stochastischer Prozeß was used in German by Aleksandr Khinchin, [22] [23] though the German term had been used earlier in 1931 by Andrey Kolmogorov. [24]
One way to model this behavior is called stochastic rationality. It is assumed that each agent has an unobserved state, which can be considered a random variable. Given that state, the agent behaves rationally. In other words: each agent has, not a single preference-relation, but a distribution over preference-relations (or utility functions).
Mathematical psychology is an approach to psychological research that is based on mathematical modeling of perceptual, thought, cognitive and motor processes, and on the establishment of law-like rules that relate quantifiable stimulus characteristics with quantifiable behavior (in practice often constituted by task performance).
The definition of a stochastic process varies, [67] but a stochastic process is traditionally defined as a collection of random variables indexed by some set. [68] [69] The terms random process and stochastic process are considered synonyms and are used interchangeably, without the index set being precisely specified.