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However, since DOS and most DOS programs run in real mode (VCPI or DPMI makes a protected-mode program look like a real-mode program to DOS and the rest of the system by switching back and forth between the two modes), DOS TSRs and device drivers also run in real mode, and so any time one gets control, the DOS extender has to switch back to ...
BIOS interrupt calls perform hardware control or I/O functions requested by a program, return system information to the program, or do both. A key element of the purpose of BIOS calls is abstraction - the BIOS calls perform generally defined functions, and the specific details of how those functions are executed on the particular hardware of the system are encapsulated in the BIOS and hidden ...
Under real mode operating systems, such as DOS, calling INT 13h would jump into the computer's ROM-BIOS code for low-level disk services, which would carry out physical sector-based disk read or write operations for the program. In DOS, it serves as the low-level interface for the built-in block device drivers for hard disks and floppy disks.
Some commands are internal—built into COMMAND.COM; others are external commands stored on disk. When the user types a line of text at the operating system command prompt, COMMAND.COM will parse the line and attempt to match a command name to a built-in command or to the name of an executable program file or batch file on disk.
In x86 computers, after the BIOS executes Power-On Self Test, then a first-stage bootloader is a compact 512-byte program that resides in the master boot record (MBR) is executed. Running in 16-bit real mode at address 0x7C00, it locates the second-stage bootloader. Its primary challenge lies in accomplishing these tasks within strict size ...
Wrapping up their own investigation on the January 6, 2021 US Capitol attack, House Republicans have concluded GOP former Rep. Liz Cheney should be prosecuted for probing what happened when then ...
The original DOS API in 86-DOS and MS-DOS 1.0 was designed to be functionally compatible with CP/M.Files were accessed using file control blocks (FCBs). The DOS API was greatly extended in MS-DOS 2.0 with several Unix concepts, including file access using file handles, hierarchical directories and device I/O control. [1]
HuffPost looked at how killers got their guns for the 10 deadliest mass shootings over the past 10 years. To come up with the list, we used Mother Jones’ database, which defines mass shootings as “indiscriminate rampages in public places” that kill three or more people.