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Linear programming (LP), also called linear optimization, is a method to achieve the best outcome (such as maximum profit or lowest cost) in a mathematical model whose requirements and objective are represented by linear relationships. Linear programming is a special case of mathematical programming (also known as mathematical optimization).
Design optimization applies the methods of mathematical optimization to design problem formulations and it is sometimes used interchangeably with the term engineering optimization. When the objective function f is a vector rather than a scalar , the problem becomes a multi-objective optimization one.
General linear programming formulation [ edit ] In the context of linear programming , one can think of any minimization linear program as a covering problem if the coefficients in the constraint matrix , the objective function, and right-hand side are nonnegative. [ 1 ]
The formal definition of the assignment problem (or linear assignment problem) is . Given two sets, A and T, together with a weight function C : A × T → R.Find a bijection f : A → T such that the cost function:
The use of randomization to improve the time bounds for low dimensional linear programming and related problems was pioneered by Clarkson and by Dyer & Frieze (1989). The definition of LP-type problems in terms of functions satisfying the axioms of locality and monotonicity is from Sharir & Welzl (1992) , but other authors in the same timeframe ...
In mathematical optimization, the fundamental theorem of linear programming states, in a weak formulation, that the maxima and minima of a linear function over a convex polygonal region occur at the region's corners.
An integer programming problem is a mathematical optimization or feasibility program in which some or all of the variables are restricted to be integers.In many settings the term refers to integer linear programming (ILP), in which the objective function and the constraints (other than the integer constraints) are linear.
Such a formulation is called an optimization problem or a mathematical programming problem (a term not directly related to computer programming, but still in use for example in linear programming – see History below). Many real-world and theoretical problems may be modeled in this general framework. Since the following is valid: