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CIA's Analysis of the Soviet Union, 1947–1991 links to a large number of CIA analyses of Soviet economic, technological and military capability (as well as e.g. foreign policy), all in PDF format. Christopher, J.F. "Sir Halford Mackinder, Geopolitics, and Policymaking in the 21st Century", Parameters, Summer 2000; Mackinder, H.J.
Sir Halford John Mackinder (15 February 1861 – 6 March 1947) was a British geographer, academic and politician, who is regarded as one of the founding fathers of both geopolitics [1] and geostrategy.
The Rimland, Halford Mackinder's "Inner or Marginal Crescent", was divided into three sections: The European coast land; The Arabian-Middle Eastern desert land; and, The Asiatic monsoon land. Rimland or inner crescent contains most of world's people as well as large share of world's resources.
Halford J. Mackinder's major work, Democratic ideals and reality: a study in the politics of reconstruction, appeared in 1919.[12] It presented his theory of the Heartland and made a case for fully taking into account geopolitical factors at the Paris Peace conference and contrasted (geographical) reality with Woodrow Wilson's idealism.
The British geographer Halford Mackinder was also heavily influenced by environmental determinism and in developing his concept of the 'geographical pivot of history' or the Heartland Theory (in 1904) he argued that the era of sea power was coming to an end and that land based powers were in the ascendant, and, in particular, that whoever ...
1 January – Number plates are introduced as cars are licensed for the first time. A speed limit of 20 miles per hour (32 km/h) is introduced. [1]25 January – Halford Mackinder's influential paper The Geographical Pivot of History is delivered to the Royal Geographical Society in London.
Mackinder's notion of geopolitics was summed up when he said: Who rules Central and Eastern Europe commands the Heartland. Who rules the Heartland commands the World-Island. Who rules the World-Island commands the World. Nicholas J. Spykman was both a follower and critic of geostrategists Alfred Mahan, and Halford Mackinder.
He was appointed as the first Halford Mackinder Professor of Geography at the University of Oxford in 1974, a post he held until ill-health forced his retirement in 1983. [1] He held a Fellowship of St Peter's College, Oxford in conjunction with his professorship. [2] He was also President of the Institute of British Geographers. House died on ...