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For people with celiac disease, a lifelong strict gluten-free diet is the only effective treatment to date; [23] [69] For people diagnosed with non-celiac gluten sensitivity, there are still open questions concerning for example the duration of such a diet.
This condition is known as refractory coeliac disease (RCD), defined as malabsorption due to gluten-related enteropathy (villous atrophy or elevated intraepitheal lymphocytes) after initial or subsequent failure of a strict gluten-free diet (usually 1 year) and after exclusion of any disorder mimicking coeliac disease. [106] [107]
Gluten-free diet: A diet which avoids the protein gluten, which is found in barley, rye and wheat. It is a medical treatment for gluten-related disorders, which include coeliac disease, non-celiac gluten sensitivity, gluten ataxia, dermatitis herpetiformis and wheat allergy. [50] [51] [52] [53]
Reported symptoms of NCGS are similar to those of celiac disease, [30] [31] with most patients reporting both gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal symptoms. [29] [32] In the "classical" presentation of NCGS, gastrointestinal symptoms are similar to those of irritable bowel syndrome, and are also not distinguishable from those of wheat allergy, but there is a different interval between ...
The gluten-free diet includes naturally gluten-free food, such as meat, fish, seafood, eggs, milk and dairy products, nuts, legumes, fruit, vegetables, potatoes, pseudocereals (in particular amaranth, buckwheat, chia seed, quinoa), only certain cereal grains (corn, rice, sorghum), minor cereals (including fonio, Job's tears, millet, teff ...
Refractory coeliac disease should not be confused with the persistence of symptoms despite gluten withdrawal [114] caused by transient conditions derived from the intestinal damage, [111] [112] [115] which generally revert or improve several months after starting a gluten-free diet, [116] [117] such as small intestinal bacterial overgrowth ...
The allergy does not commonly persist into adolescence. Gluten-free foods are safer for wheat allergic patients but they still may theoretically contain wheat's other allergenic proteins. [61] Wheat allergy symptoms should not be confused with celiac disease, gluten ataxia or non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS).
High-maltose syrups produced from corn are gluten-free, but certain syrups produced from wheat or barley may contain small amounts of gluten. [9] [10] It is unclear whether gluten occurring in a wheat- or barley-based syrup can have significant effects in celiac disease. [citation needed]