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The Caledonian Railway (CR) was a major Scottish railway company.It was formed in 1845 with the objective of forming a link between English railways and Glasgow.It progressively extended its network and reached Edinburgh and Aberdeen, with a dense network of branch lines in the area surrounding Glasgow.
The Caledonian Railway lines to Edinburgh started with the main line that reached Edinburgh in 1848 as part of its route connecting the city with Glasgow and Carlisle. The potential of the docks at Granton and Leith led to branch line extensions, and residential development encouraged branch lines in what became the suburbs of Edinburgh.
The Caledonian main line, 1848–1849. The Caledonian Railway main line in Scotland connected Glasgow and Edinburgh with Carlisle, via Carstairs and Beattock. It was opened in 1847 by the Caledonian Railway. The approach to Glasgow used railways already built, primarily for mineral traffic; these were later by-passed by a more direct route.
System map of the Clydesdale Junction Railway. The Caledonian Railway obtained its own authorising act of Parliament, the Caledonian Railway Act 1845 (8 & 9 Vict. c. clxii), in the same session, on the same day. The Caledonian had struggled for a long time to get approval for its main line linking Glasgow and Edinburgh with Carlisle and the ...
System map of the Dolphinton Branches. The Caledonian Railway opened its main lines between Glasgow, Edinburgh and Carlisle in 1848–1849. From the outset the company strove to capture as much territory as possible by leasing locally promoted lines, intending to achieve early dominance in areas against the rival North British Railway (NBR), the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway, and the Glasgow ...
The Glasgow, Paisley, Kilmarnock and Ayr Railway (later reorganised to form the Glasgow and South Western Railway (G&SWR), had reached Muirkirk in 1848; [12] [page needed] the town had become a huge centre of the iron industry, dominated by the Baird ironworks, and the Caledonian hoped one day to reach it by building on from Douglas.
A prospectus for the Caledonian Railway, capital £1,500,000, was issued on 12 April 1845. Six weeks were spent in committee in Parliament, and the efforts were crowned with success: An Act for making a Railway from Carlisle to Edinburgh and Glasgow and the North of Scotland, to be called The Caledonian Railway was passed on 31 July 1845. The ...
The Caledonian Railway was heavily committed to capital expenditure on a number of schemes, and the collapse of the banking house of Overend, Gurney and Company in June 1866 resulted in a financial crash, and money for railway construction was impossible to get. The subscriptions the Caledonian had acquired for the Balerno line were expended on ...