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A powerful number is a positive integer m such that for every prime number p dividing m, p 2 also divides m. Equivalently, a powerful number is the product of a square and a cube, that is, a number m of the form m = a 2 b 3, where a and b are positive integers. Powerful numbers are also known as squareful, square-full, or 2-full.
Or to put it algebraically, writing the sequence of prime numbers as (p 1, p 2, p 3, ...) = (2, 3, 5, ...), p n is a strong prime if p n > p n − 1 + p n + 1 / 2 . For example, 17 is the seventh prime: the sixth and eighth primes, 13 and 19, add up to 32, and half that is 16; 17 is greater than 16, so 17 is a strong prime. The first few ...
They are called the strong law of large numbers and the weak law of large numbers. [ 16 ] [ 1 ] Stated for the case where X 1 , X 2 , ... is an infinite sequence of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) Lebesgue integrable random variables with expected value E( X 1 ) = E( X 2 ) = ... = μ , both versions of the law state that the ...
Such a number is algebraic and can be expressed as the sum of a rational number and the square root of a rational number. Constructible number: A number representing a length that can be constructed using a compass and straightedge. Constructible numbers form a subfield of the field of algebraic numbers, and include the quadratic surds.
For example, among the numbers 1 through 6, the numbers 2, 3, and 5 are the prime numbers, [6] as there are no other numbers that divide them evenly (without a remainder). 1 is not prime, as it is specifically excluded in the definition. 4 = 2 × 2 and 6 = 2 × 3 are both composite.
For example, the constant π may be defined as the ratio of the length of a circle's circumference to its diameter. The following list includes a decimal expansion and set containing each number, ordered by year of discovery. The column headings may be clicked to sort the table alphabetically, by decimal value, or by set.
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For example: "All humans are mortal, and Socrates is a human. ∴ Socrates is mortal." ∵ Abbreviation of "because" or "since". Placed between two assertions, it means that the first one is implied by the second one. For example: "11 is prime ∵ it has no positive integer factors other than itself and one." ∋ 1. Abbreviation of "such that".