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Balanitis caused by smegma. Inflammation has many possible causes, including irritation by environmental substances, certain medications, physical trauma, and infection such as bacterial, viral, or fungal. [6] [7] Some of these infections are sexually transmitted, however a yeast infection, Candida balanitis, is generally not categorized as such.
Posthitis can have infectious causes such as bacteria or fungi, or non-infectious causes such as contact dermatitis or psoriasis. The inflammation may be caused by irritants in the environment. Common causative organisms include candida, chlamydia, and gonorrhea. The cause must be properly diagnosed before a treatment can be prescribed.
Balanitis circinata (also known as circinate balanitis) is a skin condition comprising a serpiginous ring-shaped dermatitis of the glans penis. [1] While circinate balanitis is one of the most common cutaneous manifestations of reactive arthritis, it can also occur independently.
Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease, of unknown cause, which can affect any body part of any person, but has a strong preference for the genitals (penis, vulva), and is also known as balanitis xerotica obliterans when it affects the penis.
Balanitis plasmacellularis most commonly effects the glans penis. The cause of balanitis plasmacellularis is unknown however heat friction and rubbing are possible contributing factors. A biopsy is needed to make the diagnosis. Balanitis plasmacellularis can be managed with good hygiene and medications. Circumcision is curative.
[19] [20] Clinically, the diagnosis of any particular skin condition is made by gathering pertinent information regarding the presenting skin lesion(s), including the location (such as arms, head, legs), symptoms (pruritus, pain), duration (acute or chronic), arrangement (solitary, generalized, annular, linear), morphology (macules, papules ...
Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (thought to be the same condition as balanitis xerotica obliterans) is regarded as a common (or even the main) [29] cause of pathological phimosis. [30] This is a skin condition of unknown origin that causes a whitish ring of indurated tissue (a cicatrix ) to form near the tip of the prepuce.
Pseudoepitheliomatous keratotic and micaceous balanitis, (PKMB) is a cutaneous condition characterized by skin lesions on the glans penis that are wart-like with scaling. [1]: 657 It can present as a cutaneous horn. [2] PKMB is usually asymptomatic, with occasional irritation, burning sensation, fissuring, or maceration.