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Hans Kelsen (/ ˈ k ɛ l s ən /; German: [ˈhans ˈkɛlsən]; October 11, 1881 – April 19, 1973) was an Austrian jurist, legal philosopher and political philosopher.He was the principal architect of the 1920 Austrian Constitution, which with amendments is still in operation.
Already in 1913, Kelsen had identified the need for a legal theoretic framework to support the idea of the Rechtsstaat. [5]Adolf Julius Merkl [de; pt] was a student of Kelsen's who made important contributions starting in 1918 in the area of hierarchy of norms that would help underpin some of Kelsen's ideas on norms and how they fit into his pure theory of law.
'Basic norm ' (German: Grundnorm) is a concept in the Pure Theory of Law created by Hans Kelsen, a jurist and legal philosopher. Kelsen used this word to denote the basic norm, order, or rule that forms an underlying basis for a legal system.
In Kelsen's view, the validity of a legal norm derives from a higher norm, creating a hierarchy that ultimately rests on a "basic norm": this basic norm, not the sovereign, is the ultimate source of legal authority. In addition to Kelsen, other prominent legal positivists of the 20th century include H. L. A. Hart and Joseph Raz.
Later in the 20th century, H. L. A. Hart attacked Austin for his simplifications and Kelsen for his fiction in The Concept of Law. [52] Hart argued law is a system of rules, divided into primary (rules of conduct) and secondary ones (rules addressed to officials to administer primary rules).
Carlos Cossio. Teoría egológica y teoría pura (Balance provisional de la visita de Kelsen a la Argentina) [permanent dead link ] Hans Kelsen. Teoría pura del derecho y teoría egológica (Respuesta a Carlos Cossio) Hans Kelsen. Teoría pura del derecho y teoría egológica (Respuesta a Carlos Cossio) [permanent dead link ]
At common law, property owners held title to all resources located above, below, or upon their land. Cuius est solum, eius est usque ad coelum et ad inferos (Latin for "whoever's is the soil, it is theirs all the way to Heaven and all the way to Hell") [1] is a principle of property law, stating that property holders have rights not only to the plot of land itself, but also the air above and ...
Political Question Doctrine, Kelsen theory, legality of government and Constitution, legal order Uganda v. Commissioner of Prisons, Ex Parte Michael Matovu, [ 1 ] [1966] 1 EA 514, is a decision of the High Court of Uganda in which Hans Kelsen 's "General Theory on Law and State" [ 2 ] and the Political Question Doctrine were considered in ...