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It is done by surgically penetrating the skull, dura mater, and brain such that the ventricular system ventricle of the brain is accessed. When catheter drainage is temporary, it is commonly referred to as an external ventricular drain (EVD). When catheter drainage is permanent, it is usually referred to as a shunt.
To evaluate the benefit of surgical shunt removal or externalization followed by removal, Wong et al. compared two groups: one with medical treatment alone, and another with medical and surgical treatment simultaneously. 28 patients with infection after ventriculoperitoneal shunt implantation over an 8-year period in their neurosurgical center ...
The treatment of choice in NPH is ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery (VPS). This treatment needs a VP shunt, which is a catheter with a valve aiming at implementing a one-way outflow of the excessive amount of CSF from the ventricles. It is obligatory to have patency control because of some possible complications such as infections and obstruction.
Keen's point is one of the ventriculostomy sites used in neurosurgery, typically in pediatrics for ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement. Keen's point is located 3 cm superior and 3 cm posterior to the helix of the ear.
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For example, it may be required for a patient with a lumbar–peritoneal shunt, if multiple revisions are required or overdrainage is occurring, to have it replaced with a ventriculo–peritoneal shunt (VP shunt). Shunt revisions are required due to the following complications: Over drainage; Under drainage; Infection; Blockage or obstruction
The list of video game consoles is split into the following articles: List of dedicated video game consoles; List of handheld game consoles; List of home video game consoles. List of video game consoles by generation; List of first generation home video game consoles; List of microconsoles; List of video game console emulators
Back to the Future Part II (video game) Back to the Future Part III (video game) Baku Baku Animal; Bank Panic; Basketball Nightmare; Batman Returns (video games) Battle Out Run; Battletoads in Battlemaniacs; Big Nose Freaks Out; Black Belt (1986 video game) Blade Eagle 3-D; Bomber Raid; Bonanza Bros. Bram Stoker's Dracula (video game) Bubble ...