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Extrinsic mortality is the sum of the effects of external factors, such as predation, starvation and other environmental factors not under control of the individual that cause death. This is opposed to intrinsic mortality, which is the sum of the effects of internal factors contributing to normal, chronologic aging, such as, for example ...
The evolutionary cause of aging is, at best, only beginning to be understood. It has been suggested that direct intervention in the aging process may now be the most effective intervention against major causes of death. [55] Selye proposed a unified non-specific approach to many causes of
The causes listed are relatively immediate medical causes, but the ultimate cause of death might be described differently. For example, tobacco smoking often causes lung disease or cancer, and alcohol use disorder can cause liver failure or a motor vehicle accident.
Evolutionary suicide is an evolutionary phenomenon in which the process of adaptation causes the population to become extinct. [1] It provides an alternative explanation for extinction, which is due to misadaptation rather than failure to adapt.
A life history strategy is the "age- and stage-specific patterns" [2] and timing of events that make up an organism's life, such as birth, weaning, maturation, death, etc. [3] These events, notably juvenile development, age of sexual maturity, first reproduction, number of offspring and level of parental investment, senescence and death, depend ...
Scientists reveal how Black Death may have influenced evolution of human genes. Nilima Marshall, PA Science Reporter. October 19, 2022 at 8:00 AM.
Aging is therefore presumed to be a byproduct of evolution, but why mortality should be selected for remains a subject of research and debate. Programmed cell death and the telomere "end replication problem" are found even in the earliest and simplest of organisms. [35] This may be a tradeoff between selecting for cancer and selecting for aging ...
The concept of "programmed cell-death" was used by Lockshin & Williams [7] in 1964 in relation to insect tissue development, around eight years before "apoptosis" was coined. The term PCD has, however, been a source of confusion and Durand and Ramsey [8] have developed the concept by providing mechanistic and evolutionary definitions. PCD has ...