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The Wohlwill process is an industrial-scale chemical procedure used to refine gold to the highest degree of purity (99.999%). [1] The process was invented in 1874 by Emil Wohlwill . This electrochemical process involves using a cast gold ingot , often called a doré bar , of 95%+ gold to serve as an anode .
The Miller process affords gold up to 99.5% purity. The process involves blowing a stream of chlorine through molten gold. Impurities in the gold form chlorides, which form a slag that floats on the molten gold. [2] [3] Invented by Emil Wohlwill in 1874, the Wohlwill process produces the highest purity gold (99.999%). It is an electrolytic ...
Alternative methods exist for parting gold. Silver can be dissolved selectively by boiling the mixture with 30% nitric acid, a process sometimes called inquartation. Affination is a largely obsolete process of removing silver from gold using concentrated sulfuric acid. [8] Electrolysis using the Wohlwill process is yet another approach.
The resulting gold is 99.5% pure, but of lower purity than gold produced by the other common refining method, the Wohlwill process, which produces gold of up to 99.999% purity. [1] [2] The Wohlwill process is commonly used for producing high-purity gold, such as in electronics work, where exacting standards of purity are required.
Wolf Emil Wohlwill (24 November 1835 in Seesen – 2 February 1912 in Hamburg) was a German-Jewish engineer of electrochemistry. He invented the Wohlwill process in 1874. Literary works
Aqua regia is primarily used to produce chloroauric acid, the electrolyte in the Wohlwill process for refining the highest purity (99.999%) gold. Aqua regia is also used in etching and in specific analytic procedures. It is also used in some laboratories to clean glassware of organic compounds and metal particles.
An electrolytic process is the use of electrolysis industrially to refine metals or compounds at a high purity and low cost. Some examples are the Hall-Héroult process [ 1 ] used for aluminium , or the production of hydrogen from water .
16th century cupellation furnaces (per Agricola). Cupellation is a refining process in metallurgy in which ores or alloyed metals are treated under very high temperatures and subjected to controlled operations to separate noble metals, like gold and silver, from base metals, like lead, copper, zinc, arsenic, antimony, or bismuth, present in the ore.
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