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Parasitology is the study of parasites, their hosts, and the relationship between them. As a biological discipline , the scope of parasitology is not determined by the organism or environment in question but by their way of life.
Saurophthirus, an ectoparasitic Cretaceous insect [1]. Paleoparasitology (or "palaeoparasitology") is the study of parasites from the past, [2] and their interactions with hosts and vectors; it is a subfield of paleontology, the study of living organisms from the past.
It was developed in 1954 by Japanese medical laboratory scientist Dr. Katsuya Kato (1912–1991). [6] [7] The technique was modified for use in field studies in 1972 by a Brazilian team of researchers led by Brazilian parasitologist Naftale Katz (b.1940), [8] [9] and this modification was adopted by the WHO as a gold standard for multiple helminth infections.
Medical parasitology is concerned with three major groups of parasites: parasitic protozoa, helminths, and parasitic arthropods. [2] Parasitic diseases are thus considered those diseases that are caused by pathogens belonging taxonomically to either the animal kingdom , or the protozoan kingdom .
The helminth Spinochordodes parasitising a bush-cricket (Meconema sp.) A plate from Félix Dujardin's 1845 Histoire naturelle des helminthes ou vers intestinaux. Helminthology is the study of parasitic worms (helminths).
When comparing host sister clades we tend to find taxonomically richer parasite fauna on the taxonomically richer group of hosts. Eichler's rule is one of several coevolutionary rules which states that parasites tend to be highly specific to their hosts, and thus it seems reasonable to expect a positive co-variation between the taxonomic richness of hosts and that of their parasites.
Trematoda is a class of flatworms known as flukes or trematodes.They are obligate internal parasites with a complex life cycle requiring at least two hosts.The intermediate host, in which asexual reproduction occurs, is usually a snail.
Transovarial and transstadial transmission of the Ixodes tick. Transovarial or transovarian transmission (transmission from parent to offspring via the ovaries) occurs in certain arthropod vectors as they transmit pathogens from parent to offspring. [1]