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Gruen argues compulsory dislocation of Jews during the Second Temple period (516 BCE – 70 CE) cannot explain more than a fraction of the eventual diaspora. Rather, the Jewish diaspora during this time period was created from various factors, including through the creation of political and war refugees, enslavement, deportation, overpopulation ...
His ideas later evolved into the Labor Zionism movement. 1862 Zvi Hirsch Kalischer publishes Derishat Zion, maintains that the salvation of the Jews, promised by the Prophets, can come about only by self-help. His ideas contributed to the Religious Zionism movement. 1867 Mark Twain visits Palestine as part of a tour of what westerners call the ...
The book is also notable for giving the impetus for the Labor Zionist movement. 1867 Jews emancipated in Hungary. 1868 Benjamin Disraeli becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. Though converted to Christianity as a child, he is the first person of Jewish descent to become a leader of government in Europe. 1870–1890
The Zionist movement continues to exist in the form of various organizations working to support Israel, combat antisemitism, assist persecuted Jews, and encourage diaspora Jews to move to Israel. Most Israeli political parties continue to define themselves as Zionist.
For the Zionist movement, economic development and policies were a mechanism by which political aims could be achieved. [179] A new economic sector exclusively for Jews, controlled by the Labor Zionist movement, was established with support from the Jewish National Fund and the agricultural workers' Histadrut.
[2] [3] Despite its historical value as a national aspiration for the Jewish people, aliyah was acted upon by few prior to the rise of a national awakening among Jews worldwide and the subsequent development of the Zionist movement in the late 19th century; [4] the large-scale immigration of Jews to Palestine had consequently begun by 1882. [5]
Project of the Dinur Center for Research in Jewish History, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. The State of Israel The Jewish History Resource Center, Project of the Dinur Center for Research in Jewish History, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jewish History and Culture Encyclopaedia Official Site of the 22-volume Encyclopaedia Judaica
Theodor Herzl was the founder of the Modern Zionist movement and envisioned the founding of a future independent Jewish state. The movement of Zionism originates in the late 19th century. In 1883, Nathan Birnbaum founded Kadimah, the first Jewish student association in Vienna.