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A value chain is a progression of activities that a business or firm performs in order to deliver goods and services of value to an end customer. The concept comes from the field of business management and was first described by Michael Porter in his 1985 best-seller, Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance .
The idea of GVCs did not have a single source. While there are connections to the notions of “commodity chain” introduced by Immanuel Wallerstein and “value chain” analyzed by Michael Porter, the GVC framework included distinctive elements that differentiated it from previous paradigms. The emphasis on the power of lead firms in global ...
A global value chain (GVC) refers to the full range of activities that economic actors engage in to bring a product to market. [1] The global value chain does not only involve production processes, but preproduction (such as design) and postproduction processes (such as marketing and distribution).
Extended enterprise is a more descriptive term than supply chain, in that it permits the notion of different types and degrees and permanence of connectivity. Connections may be by contract, as in partnerships or alliances or trade agreements , or by open market exchange or participation in public tariffs .
Managers need to think about their strategies and the implication of the strategy on the entire supply chain. One market strategy that is commonly used among businesses with global supply chains is the customer perspective strategy. Taking a customer perspective towards marketing strategy means focusing mainly on customers.
In sophisticated supply chain systems, used products may re-enter the supply chain at any point where residual value is recyclable. Supply chains link value chains. [6] Suppliers in a supply chain are often ranked by "tier", with first-tier suppliers supplying directly to the client, second-tier suppliers supplying to the first tier, and so on. [7]
Fjeldstad and Stabell define a value network as one of three ways by which an organisation generates value. [3] The others are the value shop and value chain. Their value networks consist of the following components: customers, a service that enables interaction among them, an organization to provide the service, and
Analysing the firm's activities as a linked chain is a tried and tested way of revealing value creation opportunities. The business economist Michael Porter of Harvard Business School pioneered a value chain approach: "the value chain disaggregates the firm into its strategically relevant activities in order to understand the costs and existing potential sources of differentiation". [3]