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The relative permittivity (in older texts, dielectric constant) is the permittivity of a material expressed as a ratio with the electric permittivity of a vacuum. A dielectric is an insulating material, and the dielectric constant of an insulator measures the ability of the insulator to store electric energy in an electrical field.
Dielectric constant [2] 88.00 at 0 °C 86.04 at 5 °C 84.11 at 10 °C 82.22 at 15 °C 80.36 at 20 °C 78.54 at 25 °C 76.75 at 30 °C 75.00 at 35 °C 73.28 at 40 °C 71.59 at 45 °C 69.94 at 50 °C 66.74 at 60 °C 63.68 at 70 °C 60.76 at 80 °C 57.98 at 90 °C 55.33 at 100 °C Bond strength: 492.215 kJ/mol O–H bond dissociation energy [3 ...
A table of some typical values can be found under dielectric constant. Water has a relatively high dielectric constant value of 78.7 at 298K (25 °C), so in aqueous solutions at ambient temperatures 1:1 electrolytes such as NaCl do not form ion pairs to an appreciable extent except when the solution is very concentrated.
Water has a very high specific heat capacity of 4184 J/(kg·K) at 20 °C (4182 J/(kg·K) at 25 °C) —the second-highest among all the heteroatomic species (after ammonia), as well as a high heat of vaporization (40.65 kJ/mol or 2257 kJ/kg at the normal boiling point), both of which are a result of the extensive hydrogen bonding between its ...
Another common term encountered for both absolute and relative permittivity is the dielectric constant which has been deprecated in physics and engineering [2] as well as in chemistry. [ 3 ] By definition, a perfect vacuum has a relative permittivity of exactly 1 whereas at standard temperature and pressure , air has a relative permittivity of ...
For one, polarizable liquids, such as water, have very high dielectric constant at low frequencies, when the molecules can follow the field, but not so high when they can't. Many materials commonly used as dielectrics don't have this change. For such liquids, a low frequency (DC limit) and high frequency (microwave to optical) region would be ...
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Dielectric constant Max. breakdown strength (MV ⁄ cm) Properties Mineral oil: 1.0 [1] Flammable. Common type of transformer oil. n-Hexane: 1.1–1.3 [1] Flammable. Used in some capacitors. n-Heptane: Flammable. Castor oil natural ester 4.7: High dielectric constant. Flammable. Refined and dried castor oil is used in some high voltage capacitors.