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A reference range is usually defined as the set of values 95 percent of the normal population falls within (that is, 95% prediction interval). [2] It is determined by collecting data from vast numbers of laboratory tests. [citation needed]
The standard definition of a reference range for a particular measurement is defined as the interval between which 95% of values of a reference population fall into, in such a way that 2.5% of the time a value will be less than the lower limit of this interval, and 2.5% of the time it will be larger than the upper limit of this interval, whatever the distribution of these values.
Clinical pathology is a medical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the laboratory analysis of bodily fluids, such as blood, urine, and tissue homogenates or extracts using the tools of chemistry, microbiology, hematology, molecular pathology, and Immunohaematology.
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A complete blood count (CBC), also known as a full blood count (FBC), is a set of medical laboratory tests that provide information about the cells in a person's blood.The CBC indicates the counts of white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets, the concentration of hemoglobin, and the hematocrit (the volume percentage of red blood cells).
Transient hyperphosphataemia is a benign condition in infants, and can reach normal level in 4 months. In contrast, low levels of ALP is found in hypothyroidism, pernicious anemia, zinc deficiency, and hypophosphatasia. [6] ALP activity is significantly increased in the third trimester of pregnancy. [11]
The reference values for a "normal" random glucose test in an average adult are 80–140mg/dl (4.4–7.8 mmol/l), between 140 and 200mg/dl (7.8–11.1 mmol/l) is considered pre-diabetes [citation needed], and ≥ 200 mg/dl is considered diabetes according to ADA guidelines [1] (you should visit your doctor or a clinic for additional tests however as a random glucose of > 160mg/dl does not ...
In statistics, the 68–95–99.7 rule, also known as the empirical rule, and sometimes abbreviated 3sr, is a shorthand used to remember the percentage of values that lie within an interval estimate in a normal distribution: approximately 68%, 95%, and 99.7% of the values lie within one, two, and three standard deviations of the mean, respectively.
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