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The "NEA Four", Karen Finley, Tim Miller, John Fleck, and Holly Hughes, were performance artists whose proposed grants from the United States government's National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) were vetoed by John Frohnmayer in June 1990.
Tim Miller (born September 22, 1958, in Pasadena, California) is an American performance artist and writer, whose pieces frequently involve gay identity, marriage equality and immigration issues. He was one of the NEA Four, four performance artists whose National Endowment for the Arts grants were vetoed in 1990 by NEA chair John Frohnmayer. [1]
The NEA is governed by a chairman nominated by the president to a four-year term and subject to congressional confirmation. [9] The NEA's advisory committee, the National Council on the Arts, advises the chairman on policies and programs, as well as reviewing grant applications, fundraising guidelines, and leadership initiative.
Holly Hughes (born March 10, 1955) is an American lesbian performance artist. [1] [2]She began as a feminist painter in New York City but is best known for her connection with the NEA Four, with whom she was denied funding from the National Endowment for the Arts, and for her work with the Women's One World Cafe.
As of 2012, the NEA had awarded more than $4 billion to support artistic excellence, creativity, and innovation for the benefit of individuals and communities. [1] Since its establishment, the NEA has funded thousands of individual artists and arts organizations. In 1989, two controversial works were partially or fully funded by NEA grants.
Karen Finley (born 1956) is an American performance artist, musician, poet, and educator. [1] The case, National Endowment for the Arts v.Finley (1998), argued in front of the U.S. Supreme Court, was decided against Finley and the other artists. [2]
Controversy regarding the nature of his work was part of a series of battles regarding work by gay artists—such as a lawsuit filed by the NEA Four (Karen Finley, Holly Hughes, Tim Miller and John Fleck), and legal battles around the exhibition of work of Robert Mapplethorpe, David Wojnarowicz, Andres Serrano and Joel-Peter Witkin.
He is also one of the NEA Four. [5] In 1990 he and three of his fellow artists became embroiled in a lawsuit against the government's National Endowment for the Arts program. [ 6 ] John Frohnmayer , one of the chairman of the NEA, vetoed funding his project, a performance comedy with a toilet prop, [ 7 ] on the basis of content and was accused ...