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When a tear in the outer, fibrous ring of an intervertebral disc allows the soft, central portion to bulge out beyond the damaged outer rings, the disc is said to be herniated. Disc herniation is frequently associated with age-related degeneration of the outer ring, known as the annulus fibrosus , but is normally triggered by trauma or ...
[28] [29] This inflammatory molecule, called tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), is released not only by the herniated or protruding disc, but also in cases of disc tear (annular tear), by facet joints, and in spinal stenosis. [24] [30] [31] [32] In addition to causing pain and inflammation, TNF may also contribute to disc degeneration. [33]
Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a medical condition in which the spinal canal narrows and compresses the nerves and blood vessels at the level of the lumbar vertebrae. Spinal stenosis may also affect the cervical or thoracic region, in which case it is known as cervical spinal stenosis or thoracic spinal stenosis.
Jensen and colleagues, in an MRI study of the lumbar spine in 98 asymptomatic adults, found that in more than half, there was a symmetrical extension of a disc (or discs) beyond the margins of the interspace (bulging). In 27 percent, there was a focal or asymmetrical extension of the disc beyond the margin of the interspace (protrusion), and in ...
The annular ligament (orbicular ligament) is a strong band of fibers that encircles the head of the radius, and retains it in contact with the radial notch of the ulna. [ 1 ] Per Terminologia Anatomica 1998 , the spelling is "anular", [ 2 ] but the spelling "annular" is frequently encountered.
The first cervical vertebra has an inferior articulating surface but, as it does not restrict lateral or posterior translation, is not always considered a proper zygoma [9] (zygoma is Greek for "yoke", i.e. something that restrains movement). In the lumbar spine, facets provide about 20 percent of the twisting stability in the low back. Each ...
January 10, 2025 at 5:19 PM. ... Herb Jones, the team's defensive standout, is out indefinitely after being diagnosed with a posterior labrum tear in his right shoulder, the team announced Friday. ...
Spinal column or vertebral injuries can be classified using the AO spine injury classification system. [5] The three categories - A, B, and C - are based on the location of damage on the vertebra (either on the anterior or posterior segment) and by the direction of the applied injurious force.