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Radiographs (X-ray pictures) are taken while barium sulfate, a radiocontrast agent, fills the colon via an enema through the rectum. The term barium enema usually refers to a lower gastrointestinal series, although enteroclysis (an upper gastrointestinal series) is often called a small bowel barium enema.
Defecography (also known as proctography, defecating/defecation proctography, evacuating/evacuation proctography or dynamic rectal examination) is a type of medical radiological imaging in which the mechanics of a patient's defecation are visualized in real time using a fluoroscope. [1]
Endoscopic image of polyp in small bowel detected on double-balloon enteroscopy. Double-balloon enteroscopy offers a number of advantages to other small bowel image techniques, including barium imaging, wireless capsule endoscopy and push enteroscopy: It allows for visualization of the entire small bowel to the terminal ileum. [1]
Barium X-ray examinations are useful tools for the study of appearance and function of the parts of the gastrointestinal tract. They are used to diagnose and monitor esophageal reflux, dysphagia, hiatus hernia, strictures, diverticula, pyloric stenosis, gastritis, enteritis, volvulus, varices, ulcers, tumors, and gastrointestinal dysmotility, as well as to detect foreign bodies.
In surgery it is used for pre-operative evacuation of the bowel. [3] In diagnostic testing it is used before x-ray examinations or physical examinations of the colon. It is safe for use in children. [4] If used in children under 3 years, it is recommended that the nozzle is only inserted half way. [5]
The small bowel is divided longitudinally in the midline, preserving one leaf of mesentery with its blood supply to each half. This results in two vascularized segments of small bowel which can then be rejoined end-to-end to restore continuity of the small bowel. There are also another ways of performing this procedure.
Barium (usually as a sulfate) outlines the colon and rectum on an x-ray and helps show abnormalities. Air is also put into the rectum and colon to further enhance the x-ray. Double-contrast barium enemas are less invasive than a colonoscopy and have comparatively fewer issues in a viable large bowel. [2]
Capsule endoscopy is a medical procedure used to record internal images of the gastrointestinal tract for use in disease diagnosis. Newer developments are also able to take biopsies and release medication at specific locations of the entire gastrointestinal tract. [ 1 ]