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The energy and momentum of an object measured in two inertial frames in energy–momentum space – the yellow frame measures E and p while the blue frame measures E ′ and p ′. The green arrow is the four-momentum P of an object with length proportional to its rest mass m 0.
The Abraham–Minkowski controversy is a physics debate concerning electromagnetic momentum within dielectric media. [1] [2] Two equations were first suggested by Hermann Minkowski (1908) [3] and Max Abraham (1909) [4] [5] for this momentum. They predict different values, from which the name of the controversy derives. [6]
If the energy–momentum tensor T μν is zero in the region under consideration, then the field equations are also referred to as the vacuum field equations. By setting T μν = 0 in the trace-reversed field equations , the vacuum field equations, also known as 'Einstein vacuum equations' (EVE), can be written as R μ ν = 0 . {\displaystyle R ...
The Dyson series can be alternatively rewritten as a sum over Feynman diagrams, where at each vertex both the energy and momentum are conserved, but where the length of the energy-momentum four-vector is not necessarily equal to the mass, i.e. the intermediate particles are so-called off-shell. The Feynman diagrams are much easier to keep track ...
There are some notable similarities in equations for momentum, energy, and mass transfer [7] which can all be transported by diffusion, as illustrated by the following examples: Mass: the spreading and dissipation of odors in air is an example of mass diffusion. Energy: the conduction of heat in a solid material is an example of heat diffusion.
The stress–energy tensor, sometimes called the stress–energy–momentum tensor or the energy–momentum tensor, is a tensor physical quantity that describes the density and flux of energy and momentum in spacetime, generalizing the stress tensor of Newtonian physics. It is an attribute of matter, radiation, and non-gravitational force fields.
Energy–momentum may refer to: Four-momentum; Stress–energy tensor; Energy–momentum relation This page was last edited on 28 December 2019, at 10:37 (UTC). Text ...
With respect to classical physics, conservation laws include conservation of energy, mass (or matter), linear momentum, angular momentum, and electric charge. With respect to particle physics, particles cannot be created or destroyed except in pairs, where one is ordinary and the other is an antiparticle.