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Participatory rural appraisal (PRA) is an approach used by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and other agencies involved in international development. The approach aims to incorporate the knowledge and opinions of rural people in the planning and management of development projects and programmes.
Participatory Rural Appraisal Methods and Applications in Rural Planning: Essays in Honour of Robert Chambers. Concept, Second Revised Edition, ISBN 81-8069-105-5; Order of the British Empire, 1995. Honorary doctorate, University of Edinburgh; Honorary DLitt, University of Sussex, 2007. Honorary DLitt, University of East Anglia, 1995.
Participatory Rural Appraisal is a method of participatory planning, used most often in the context of international community development. Participatory Rural Appraisal draws heavily on the work of Paulo Freire and his idea of critical consciousness , as well as Kurt Lewin's integration of democratic leadership, group dynamics , experiential ...
Each project issue in participatory development can be divided into stages, and this division facilitates assessment of when and to what degree a participatory approach is relevant. From an institutional perspective, there are four key stages of a development project: Research Stage is where the development problem is accurately defined. All ...
Rapid rural appraisal; Participatory rural appraisal (includes use of visuals, such as matrices and diagramming) SARAR (self-esteem, associative strength, resourcefulness, action planning, and responsibility) Beneficiary assessment; Semistructured interviews and focus groups; PPAs can last from several weeks to several months. [3]: 7
Needs-based community development emphasizes local deficits and looks to outside agencies for resources. In contrast, asset-based community development focuses on honing and leveraging existing strengths within the community.
In this context, many approaches and ideas have been developed and implemented, for instance, bottom-up approaches, PRA- Participatory Rural Appraisal, RRA- Rapid Rural Appraisal, and Working With People (WWP). [22] The New Rural Reconstruction Movement in China has been actively promoting rural development through their ecological farming ...
In economic development theory, there is a school of participatory development.The desire to increase public participation in humanitarian aid and development has led to the establishment of a numerous context-specific, formal methodologies, matrices, pedagogies and ad hoc approaches.