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Subduction zones host a unique variety of rock types formed by the high-pressure, low-temperature conditions a subducting slab encounters during its descent. [4] The metamorphic conditions the slab passes through in this process generates and alters water bearing (hydrous) mineral phases, releasing water into the mantle.
Collisional orogenies are preceded by subduction of oceanic crust. [38] The conditions within the subducting slab as it plunges toward the mantle in a subduction zone produce their own distinctive regional metamorphic effects, characterized by paired metamorphic belts. [39]
Subduction zone physics: Sinking of the oceanic lithosphere (sediments, crust, mantle), by the contrast of density between the cold and old lithosphere and the hot asthenospheric mantle wedge, is the strongest force (but not the only one) needed to drive plate motion and is the dominant mode of mantle convection. [citation needed]
An orogenic belt, orogen, or mobile belt, [a] is a zone of Earth's crust affected by orogeny. [2] An orogenic belt develops when a continental plate crumples and is uplifted to form one or more mountain ranges ; this involves a series of geological processes collectively called orogenesis .
A continental arc is a type of volcanic arc occurring as an "arc-shape" topographic high region along a continental margin.The continental arc is formed at an active continental margin where two tectonic plates meet, and where one plate has continental crust and the other oceanic crust along the line of plate convergence, and a subduction zone develops.
There are two areas of flat slab subduction of the Nazca Plate in Chile and Peru [15] along the Peruvian subduction system - the Peruvian flat slab segment and Pampean flat slab segment. The length of the subduction zone is represented by the Peru–Chile Trench. These regions of flat slab subduction have been modelled to result in dynamic ...
Diagram of a cross-section of the Patagonia slab window. The Nazca plate and Antarctic plate are colliding with the South American plate at the Chile Ridge. [1]In geology, a slab window is a gap that forms in a subducted oceanic plate when a mid-ocean ridge meets with a subduction zone and plate divergence at the ridge and convergence at the subduction zone continue, causing the ridge to be ...
Serpentinization is an important phenomenon in subduction zones that has a strong control on the water cycle and geodynamics of a subduction zone. [ 41 ] Here mantle rock is cooled by the subducting slab to temperatures at which serpentinite is stable, and fluids are released from the subducting slab in great quantities into the ultramafic ...