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The insulin receptor (IR) is a transmembrane receptor that is activated by insulin, IGF-I, IGF-II and belongs to the large class of receptor tyrosine kinase. [5] Metabolically, the insulin receptor plays a key role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis; a functional process that under degenerate conditions may result in a range of clinical manifestations including diabetes and cancer.
3667 16367 Ensembl ENSG00000169047 ENSMUSG00000055980 UniProt P35568 P35569 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_005544 NM_010570 RefSeq (protein) NP_005535 NP_034700 Location (UCSC) Chr 2: 226.73 – 226.8 Mb Chr 1: 82.21 – 82.27 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) is a signaling adapter protein that in humans is encoded by the IRS1 gene. It is a 180 ...
T cells are grouped into a series of subsets based on their function. CD4 and CD8 T cells are selected in the thymus, but undergo further differentiation in the periphery to specialized cells which have different functions. T cell subsets were initially defined by function, but also have associated gene or protein expression patterns.
When insulin binds to the insulin receptor, it leads to a cascade of cellular processes that promote the usage or, in some cases, the storage of glucose in the cell. The effects of insulin vary depending on the tissue involved, e.g., insulin is most important in the uptake of glucose by muscle and adipose tissue. [2]
Many receptor enzymes have closely related structure and receptor tyrosine kinase activity, and it has been determined that the foundational or prototypical receptor enzyme is insulin. [2] Insulin receptor substrates IRS2 and IRS3 each have unique characteristic tissue function and distribution that serves to enhance signaling capabilities in ...
If you do have low testosterone, your healthcare provider will test your LH and FSH levels to determine if the root of your low T is in the testicles or the brain (i.e. if you have primary or ...
The product of this gene is phosphorylated by the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase upon receptor stimulation, as well as by an interleukin 4 receptor-associated kinase in response to IL4 treatment. [6] Mice lacking IRS2 have a diabetic phenotype [7] as well as a 40% reduction in brain mass. [8]
IRAP functions depend on the cell type and extracellular environment. For example, in adipocytes and muscle cells, IRAP is a major component of Glut4storage vesicles (GSV) and regulates GSV trafficking in response to insulin receptor signaling.